Health Risks of Exercise and Physical Activity Flashcards
Two primary unintended consequences
musculoskeletal injury
exertion-related sudden cardiac death.
Musculoskeletal Injuries
bone, muscle, joint, or connective tissue
common musculoskeletal injuries that can result from physical activity and exercise.
Ligament tears, sprains, strains, bone fractures, bruises, and joint dislocations
_______________ exercise activities and sports are likely less risky for musculoskeletal injury than are high-impact and contact sports.
Low-impact and noncontact
Similarly, we expect _______________ such as walking or running to be associated with injuries of the lower extremities more often than other parts of the body.
weight-bearing activities
Racket sports such as tennis and squash may be more likely to result in injuries of the ________________ (shoulders and arms) or the head (from being struck by a racket or a ball).
upper extremities
Modifiable Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injuries
Amount and type of current physical activity
Cigarette smoking
Low physical fitness level
Improper use of protective equipment
Adverse environmental conditions
Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Musculo skeletal Injuries
Age
Sex (for some types of injury)
History of injury
Amount of physical activity in the past (history)
Anatomical factors
Environmental, or external, conditions
Physical activity and exercise, particularly when performed at a___________are associated with a higher risk of a sudden adverse cardiac event (i.e., cardiac arrest, cardiac death), when compared to times of no activity or light or moderate-intensity activity.
vigorous intensity,
Other disorders, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (a genetic disorder characterized by an overly thick wall in the left ventricle), electrical conduction disorders, and abnormalities in the cardiac arteries, are all important conditions that place people at risk of sudden cardiac death,
Vigorous-intensity physical activity has also been shown to be a trigger for sudden cardiac death due to____________ .
atherosclerotic heart disease.
Although regular participation in moderate-intensity physical activity can lower the risk of chronic diseases and conditions such as obesity, atherosclerotic heart disease, diabetes, colon and breast cancer, and osteoporosis, people with conditions that increase the risk of sudden cardiac death should avoid vigorous-intensity physical activity.
*The exercise physiology principles of _____________________ are important considerations in understanding the risks of exercise and physical activity.
overload, adaptation, and specificity
*The definition of musculoskeletal injury is an important consideration for _____________________
interpreting the literature.
Studies of musculoskeletal injury prevalence and incidence must take __________________
the population at risk into account.
