Health Psychology Flashcards
Define Adherance, Concordance and Compliance
Adherance –> The extent to which the patient takes their medication as prescribed
Initiation –> Implementation –> Persistance –> Discontinuation
Concordance –> Process of shared decision making about treatment
Compliance –> Old fashioned term that implies that the patient should just do what the Dr tells them!
How could the social learning theory be used to explain why people start smoking?
Modeling/observing others smoking
Reinforcement –> Eg, social opportunities
Vicarious Reinforcement –> Eg, people thinking that they look cool by smoking (seeing others being rewarded for smoking)
What’s the difference between Sensation and Perception?
Sensation –> The process by which stimuli affect sensory organs
Perception –> How we make meaning of sensation
What are the 4 key components of self-management?
Support for patients health behaviours
Reducing distress and increasing coping
Helping patients to manage their healthcare team
Education about their condition and how to find more information
What are some of the positive aspects of a diagnosis?
Access to treatment/social support
Relief after periods of uncertainty
Practical benefits –> eg, benefits/mitigating circumstances/sick leave
What can chronic stress do to the body?
General Alarm Stage –> Reduction in fat tissue, liver/lymph size, fall in body temp
Resistance stage (48 hours+)–> Homeostasis returns, with the adrenal glands enlarging…causing a reduction in pituitary secreted hormones
Exhaustion –> When stress is repeated
What is Kubler-Ross’s 5 stage model of grief?
Denial –> shock
Anger –> why me?
Bargaining –> if I do this maybe i’ll get more time?
Depression
Acceptance –> my time has come
What are SMART goals?
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Results focused
Time bound
What is cognitive dissonance?
When peoples behaviour is inconsistant with their beliefs and attitudes
What are some of the barriers to using contraception (eg, condoms)?
Religious/cultural values –> eg, catholics
Unrealistic optimism on contracting an STI
Beliefs that it reduces sexual pleasure
What’s the difference between Distal (distant) influences and Proximal influences?
Distal –> Demographic influences, which cant be changed easily
Proximal –> Somebodies attidues ad belifies that can cause certain behaviours…..these can be changed more easily
What are the 2 types of change talk?
DARN CATS
Preparatory –> Desire, Ability, Reasons and Need
Mobilizing –> Commitment, Activation and Taking Steps
What are the 4 factors that contribute to unrealistic optimism?
Lack of personal experience of the problem
Belief that the behaviour is controllable
Belief that the problem has not yet occured, and so it never will!
Belief that the problem is infrequent
What are monitors and blunters?
Monitors –> Direct more attention to themselves, so feel more sympathy
Blunters –> Direct less attention to their body
What’s the difference between a Health Risk Behaviour and Health Enhancing Behaviour?
Health Risk Behaviour –> Any activity undertaken by people with a frequency or intensity that increases risk of disease or injury
Health Enhancing Behaviour –> Activity that may help prevent disease, detect disease and disability at an early stage, promote and enhance health or protect from risk of injury
What are some of the ways of identifiying non-adherance?
Checking the PMR for when medication was last collected
Patients can take questionaaires
Technologies that allow electronic records of when medication is taken
In reflective listening, what does OARS stand for?
Open ended questions
Affirmations
Reflections
Summarising
What are some of the techniques used to address non-adherance?
Dossette box/compliance aids
Electronics –> Remind you when to take (eg, texts)
Visual Aids (see picture)
What is the Biopsychological Model? (in reference to pain)
A combination of Biological, Psychological and Social Factors lead to treatment seeking
In the case of pain, the pain feeling is gated by other sensory inputs and psychological factors
What are the 4 processes used in motivational interviewing?
Engaging –> Focussing –> Evoking –> Planning
Explain the model of unitentional and intentional nonadherance?
Unintentional –> Practical barriers that prevent patients from being compliant
Intentional –> A concious decision not to take the treatment
Middle Bit –> When there is a consious decision not to make treatment a priority…so they let certain barriers be the priority
