Ethics Flashcards
What are the 2 different types of accountability?
Personal –> Internal and personal (eg, our conscience/duty to ourselves)
Proffessional –> Members of a proffession claim particular knowledge and expertise that had to be proven to get on the register (so you are accountable for those qualities)
What’s the difference between an ad hominem argument, and a tu quoque argument?
Ad hominem –> An attack against the particular person that is intended to discredit what they say
Tu quoque –> A method used to reflect or defelct from the argument that the person is trying to make
What is Beneficence/Non-maleficience?
Acting in ways that benefit a patient –> their cares and interests
“Do good if you possibly can, but above all do no harm”
What is the 4 stage approach? (in terms of decision making)
Gather relevent facts
Prioritise and ascribe values
Generate Options
Choose an option
What are the 3 stages of Kohlbergs stages of moral reasoning?
Preconventional –> Based on self interest (eg, obeys rules to avoid punishment)
Conventional –> Being a ‘good boy’ and conforms to social norms to gain appraisal and prevent being disliked
Postconventional –> Conforms to democratic law and concepts of individual rights
What are the 3 types of ethics?
Deontological Ethics –> Duty based, so you stick to the law and dont think of the consequences.
Duty is more important that the outcome
Consequentialist Ethics –> Main consideration is favouring the action that will lead to the best consequence or result
“The needs of the many out-way the needs of the few”
Virtue Ethics –> Always do what is best for the patient
What are the 3 different types of Morality?
Duty Based –> As pharmacists you are expected to morally act in the 9 ways that the GPhC lays out
Goal Based –> Interal motivations to use one’s knowledge and skills to better the lives of as many people as possible
Virtue Based –> Ones own personal values (eg, Honour/Integrity/Confidentitality/Empathy/Compassion)
What is the Georgetown Mantra? (Key moral concepts of healthcare)
Beneficience –> Act in ways to benefit the patient
Non-Malificence
Respect for Autonomy –> The right for the patient to make their own decisions/pursure their own actions
Justice –> In healthcare this means the distribution of resources correctly
What are fallacies?
Logical mistakes in reasoning
What are the 3 main types of terms used in professional accountability?
Responsibility –> Your job is to do a specific task (nothing more)
Accountability –> Your job is to achieve a specific outcome, nd you can be blamed for faliure of this
Liability –> Can be called to account in law and possibly pay if the faliure lead to harm
What’s the difference between Ethics of Care and Clinical Pragmatism?
Ethics of Care –> Like virture ethics, but more emphasis on unselfish emotions (care for those on our doorstep)
Clinical Pragmatism –> More attention is given to the perspectives of the patient, family and members of the healthcare team
