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FNP boards > Health Promotion and Disease Prevention > Flashcards

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

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Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

What is primary prevention? What are some examples?

A

Include activities provided to patients to prevent the onset of a given disease

Examples:

  • Health protecting education and counseling
    • Encouraging use of seatbelts and bike helmets)
    • Counseling about safe sex practices
    • Providing information on accident and fall prevention
  • Immunizations and chemoprophylaxis
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2
Q

What is passive immunity? What are some examples?

A

Provided when a person receives select antibodies (e.g. IG) after exposure to an infective agent

Examples:

  • Disease protection from mother to unborn child via placenta
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3
Q

What is secondary prevention? What are examples?

A

Activities provided to identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have risk factors for a given disease or in preclinical disease

Examples:

  • Screening for clinical conditions with a protracted asymptomatic period (BP, lipids, mammography, colonoscopy, pap smear)
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4
Q

What is tertiary prevention? What are examples?

A

Part of management of established disease; goal is to minimize disease associated complications and negative health effects of the established clinical conditions

Example:

  • Medications and lifestyle modifications to normalize BG levels
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5
Q

S/s of uncomplicated influenza

A
  • Fever
  • Myalgia
  • HA
  • Malaise
  • Nonproductive cough
  • Sore throat
  • Rhinitis
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6
Q

What other uncommon symptoms may patient’s present with if they are suspected to have the flu?

A
  • Acute OM
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
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7
Q

How long can symptoms of the flu last? Do cough and malaise end at the same time?

A

Symptoms resolve in 1 week (cough and malaise often persist for 2+ weeks)

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8
Q

High risk populations who should definitely receive the flu vaccine annually

A
  • All children aged 6-59 months and adults 50+ years
  • Adults and children who have chronic pulmonary (e.g. asthma) or CV, renal, hepatic, neurological, hematological, or metabolic disorders (e.g. DM)
  • Persons who are immunocompromised
  • Women who are or will be pregnant during flu season
  • Children and adolescents who receive ASA or salicylate-containing medications and who might be at risk for experiencing Reye syndrome after flu infection
  • Residents of nursing homes
  • American Indians/Alaska natives
  • Obese patients
  • Healthcare personnel
  • Household contacts of children aged <59 months and adults aged <50 years
  • Household contacts of persons with medical conditions that put them at high risk for severe complications from flu
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9
Q

True/false: All children aged 6 months to 8 years who receive a seasonal flu vaccine for the first time should receive two doses spaced >4 weeks apart

A

True

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10
Q

When is the optimal time to receive the flu vaccine each year?

A

Optimal time is in the fall months (at least 1 month before anticipated onset of flu season)

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11
Q

Influenza and MMR mode of transmission

A

Respiratory droplets

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12
Q

Complications of measles, mumps, and rubella

A
  • Rubella has a typically mild 3-5 day illness with little risk of complications, but is devastating if contracted during pregnancy
  • Measles → encephalitis, PNA
  • Mumps → orchitis, decreased male fertility
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13
Q

When should the first and second dose of the MMR vaccine be administered?

A

First dose between 12-15 months with second dose at 4-6 years old (second dose can be given earlier as long as it’s one month apart from first)

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14
Q

How many doses, and at what age, should the MMR vaccine be administered to children who will be traveling internationally?

A
  • If 6-11 months old, one dose
  • If dose was given before 1 year old, child should receive two additional doses separated by at least 28 days
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15
Q

True/false: Adults born before 1957 are considered immune from measles, mumps, rubella

A

True

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16
Q

Increased risk population to pneumococcal disease

Is vaccination recommended?

A

Patient’s age 19-65 years old

  • Cigarette smokers
  • Have chronic medical conditions (DM, lung disease, CVD, liver disease, kidney disease)

Vaccination recommended

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17
Q

Highest risk population to pneumococcal disease

  • Is vaccination recommended?
A

Those 65 years and older or with…

  • Immune compromised conditions → malignancy, HIV, end stage kidney disease
  • Iatrogenic causes → chronic use of steroids, immunomodulators, transplant recipients)
  • Functional or anatomic asplenia

Vaccination recommended

18
Q

For patient’s 65+ years and have not received a pneumococcal vaccine, what should they receive?

A

First with PCV13 followed by PPSV23 one year later

If an initial PPSV23 vaccine was received at 65+ years, a repeat dose is NOT required

19
Q

For younger adults in the increased risk category, what pneumococcal vaccine should they receive?

A

Should receive PPSV23 followed by PCV13 at least one year later, then second dose of PPVS23 at age 65

  • At least one year following PCV13 and at least 5 years following first PPSV23 dose
20
Q

For patients in the high risk category, when should they receive the pneumococcal vaccine?

A
  • If 65+ years, should receive PCV13 followed by PPSV23 one year later
  • If young adult, should receive PCV13 followed by PPSV23 8+ weeks later
    • Revaccination with PPSV23 5 years after first dose
    • At 65 years, final dose of PPSV23
21
Q

At what age is the initial dose of hep A administered?

A

Starting at 1 year old

22
Q

Postexposure prophylaxis for HBV in a person who has completed the series

A

Should receive a single HBV vaccine

23
Q

Postexposure prophylaxis for a person who is still in the process of being vaccinated against HBV

A

Should receive HBIG and complete the vaccination series

24
Q

Postexposure prophylaxis for someone who is unvaccinated against HBV

A

Should receive HBIG and hep B vaccine ASAP after exposure (preferably within 24 hours after exposure)

25
Q

Signs and symptoms of varicella

A
  • 300-500 vesicular lesions
  • Body aches
  • Fever
  • Itch
  • Fatigue
26
Q

Varicella mode of transmission

A

Respiratory droplets and contact with open lesions

27
Q

When are varicella vaccinated administered?

A

At age 1 with repeat dose given between ages 4-6 years

28
Q

True/false: Older children and adults with no history of varicella infection or previous immunization should receive two varicella immunizations 4-8 weeks apart

A

True

29
Q

Postexposure prophylaxis for varicella inpatients without evidence of immunity

A

Vaccination within 3-5 days

30
Q

What is postherpetic neuralgia?

A

Shingles complication characterized by severe and debilitating pain that persists for weeks or months after lesions have resolved

31
Q

When should the Shingrix vaccine be administered?

A

Recommended for immunocompetent adults 50 years and older, separated by 2-6 months

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of pertussis (“whooping cough”)

A
  • Early signs → runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, mild fever, mild cough
  • Later signs → thick mucus accumulation in airways leading to uncontrollable cough, vomiting, paroxysmal cough (series of severe, vigorous coughs during single expiration)
33
Q

DTap vs. Tdap vs. Td

A

Indicated for those 2 months to 6 years of age

34
Q

DTap vs. Tdap vs. Td

A

Indicated for those 7+ years old

35
Q

DTap vs. Tdap vs. Td

A

Used as a booster dose every 10 years

36
Q

DTap vaccine schedule

A

Five dose series → ages 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months old, and 4-6 years

37
Q

True/false: After exposure to pertussis, all unimmunized or under immunized contacts should receive an age appropriate dose of DTap or Tdap

A

True

38
Q

Stages of Change Model - what are the five steps?

A
  • Precontemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Preparation
  • Action
  • Maintenance/relapse
39
Q

Stages of Change Model - what is precontemplation?

A

Patient is not interested in change and might be unaware that the problem exists or minimizes the problem’s impact

40
Q

Stages of Change Model - what is contemplation?

A

Patient is considering change and looking at it’s positives/negatives, feels “stuck” with the problem, unable to figure out how to change to solve or minimize the health issue

41
Q

Stages of Change Model - what is preparation?

A

Patient exhibits some change behaviors or thoughts and often reports feeling that they do not have the tools to proceed

42
Q

Medications used to encourage smoking cessation

A
  • Nicotine replacement therapy (patch, gum, inhaler, nasal spray, lozenge)
  • Medications to reduce desire to smoke
    • Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
    • Varenicline (Chantix)

FNP boards (20 decks)

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