Health Promotion

Question 1

What is health promotion?

Answer 1

Any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease

Question 2

What is health affected by?

Answer 2

Genetics,
Access,
Environment and
Lifestyle.

Question 3

Why is evaluating health promotion difficult?

Answer 3

Long term outcomes and significant confounding factors

Question 4

What are the three theories of health promotion?

Answer 4

Education
Socioeconomic
Psycholgical

Question 5

What is educational health promotion?

Answer 5

Provides knowledge and education to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices about health – may be one –to-one or group workshop

Question 6

What is socioeconomic health promotion?

Answer 6

‘Makes healthy choice the easy choice’
National policies e.g. re unemployment, redistribute income, taxation of commodities to move people to make the healthier choice

Question 7

What is psychological health promotion?

Answer 7

Complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Activities start from an individual attitude to health and readiness to change. Emphasis on whether individual is ready to change. (e.g. smoking, alcohol).

Question 8

What is health education?

Answer 8

an activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health.

Question 9

What is health protection?

Answer 9

protection involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being

Question 10

What are the disadvantages to health promotion?

Answer 10

may include medicalising healthy individuals, possible increased worry, may not effectively target the most at risk groups

Question 11

What advantages do we have in the UK to enable effective health promotion?

Answer 11

Availability of the media
Access to a developed primary care system
Chronic disease clinics
Network of Pharmacies

Question 12

What does empowerment result in?

Answer 12

An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.

Question 13

What is the cycle of change?

Answer 13

A cycle which can aid in assessing whether someone is ready to change a behaviour

Question 14

In what situations is the cycle of change helpful?

Answer 14

Smoking
Drug Misuse
Alcohol 
The wish to start exercising
Diet changes
Starting medication

Question 15

Give examples of planned health promotion in primary care

?

Answer 15

Posters
Chronic disease clinics
Vaccination promotion
Travel clinic

Question 16

Give examples of opportunistic health promotion in primary care
?

Answer 16

Advice within a consultation based on a conversation with patient

Question 17

Give examples of legislation put in place by government to enforce health promotion?

Answer 17

Legal age limits, Smoking ban, Health and safety, Clean air act, Highway code

Question 18

Give examples of economic methods that the government has put in place to promote health?

Answer 18

Tax on cigarettes and alcohol

Question 19

What is primary prevention?

Answer 19

Measures taken to prevent the onset of illness and injury and therefore reduces probability and/or severity of illness or injury

Question 20

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 20

Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptoms

Question 21

What is wilson’s criteria for screening?

Answer 21

Illness - condition should be important public health concern with a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage

Test- Suitable test or examination that is easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific

Treatment - accepted treatment for patients with recognised illness, cost effective, facilities available to treat, treatment is better if disease caught early

Question 22

What do we screen for in scotland?

Answer 22

Cancer
AAA
Diabetic retinopathy
Pregancy screening
- pre-eclampsia, anaemia, viral infections, down’s syndrome, placental position
Newborn Screening
- guthrie test, hearing test, cataracts, CHD and hip dysplasia

Question 23

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 23

Measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease

• any intervention after disease onset that limits the effect of the disease

Question 24

What is the main cause for premature death in scotland?

Answer 24

Heart Disease

Question 25

How much sleep do teenagers need?

Answer 25

8-10 hours