Health Promotion Flashcards
What is health promotion?
Any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease
What is health affected by?
Genetics,
Access,
Environment and
Lifestyle.
Why is evaluating health promotion difficult?
Long term outcomes and significant confounding factors
What are the three theories of health promotion?
Education
Socioeconomic
Psycholgical
What is educational health promotion?
Provides knowledge and education to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices about health – may be one –to-one or group workshop
What is socioeconomic health promotion?
‘Makes healthy choice the easy choice’
National policies e.g. re unemployment, redistribute income, taxation of commodities to move people to make the healthier choice
What is psychological health promotion?
Complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Activities start from an individual attitude to health and readiness to change. Emphasis on whether individual is ready to change. (e.g. smoking, alcohol).
What is health education?
an activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health.
What is health protection?
protection involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being
What are the disadvantages to health promotion?
may include medicalising healthy individuals, possible increased worry, may not effectively target the most at risk groups
What advantages do we have in the UK to enable effective health promotion?
Availability of the media
Access to a developed primary care system
Chronic disease clinics
Network of Pharmacies
What does empowerment result in?
An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.
What is the cycle of change?
A cycle which can aid in assessing whether someone is ready to change a behaviour
In what situations is the cycle of change helpful?
Smoking Drug Misuse Alcohol The wish to start exercising Diet changes Starting medication
Give examples of planned health promotion in primary care
?
Posters
Chronic disease clinics
Vaccination promotion
Travel clinic
Give examples of opportunistic health promotion in primary care
?
Advice within a consultation based on a conversation with patient
Give examples of legislation put in place by government to enforce health promotion?
Legal age limits, Smoking ban, Health and safety, Clean air act, Highway code
Give examples of economic methods that the government has put in place to promote health?
Tax on cigarettes and alcohol
What is primary prevention?
Measures taken to prevent the onset of illness and injury and therefore reduces probability and/or severity of illness or injury
What is secondary prevention?
Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptoms
What is wilson’s criteria for screening?
Illness - condition should be important public health concern with a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage
Test- Suitable test or examination that is easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific
Treatment - accepted treatment for patients with recognised illness, cost effective, facilities available to treat, treatment is better if disease caught early
What do we screen for in scotland?
Cancer
AAA
Diabetic retinopathy
Pregancy screening
- pre-eclampsia, anaemia, viral infections, down’s syndrome, placental position
Newborn Screening
- guthrie test, hearing test, cataracts, CHD and hip dysplasia
What is tertiary prevention?
Measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease
- any intervention after disease onset that limits the effect of the disease
What is the main cause for premature death in scotland?
Heart Disease
How much sleep do teenagers need?
8-10 hours
