Health Promotion Flashcards
1
Q
Health Promotion
A
- a process enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health
- Aims to influence health outcomes towards health-enhancing alternatives
- Aims to optimise physical, psychological and social wellbeing of individuals and communities
2
Q
health promotion: microsystems
A
increase individual resilience
3
Q
health promotion: group systems
A
strengthen health-enhancing contextual influences
4
Q
Critical Community Health Promotion Model
A
- Based on social ecology theory and community psychology
- Important to understand the multiple pathways influencing health outcomes
- Dynamic interaction between physical, psychological and social well-being
- Comprehensive, systemic interventions
- Resilience, empowerment and transformation
- Builds community competence to challenge contextual influence on health
5
Q
Causal Pathways
A
- physical health
- psychological health
- social health (material and social circumstances and social, historical contexts)
6
Q
Trauma and Physical Health
A
-Exposure to trauma increases the risk of developing physical health problems: Coronary heart disease Diabetes Obesity Gastrointestinal disorders Chronic pain Fibromyalgia Chronic fatigue syndrome
7
Q
Psychological Effects of Trauma
A
-Exposure to trauma is linked to a diverse range of mental health and behavioural problems: Posttraumatic stress disorder Depression Anxiety Low self-esteem Substance abuse disorders Destructive and aggressive behaviours
8
Q
Social Ecological Theory: micro-systems
A
- interactions with another person
- improve personal influences the person brings to a relationship e.g. social skills, knowledge
- Strengthen protective influence of the other person in the relationship e.g. parenting skills, communication skills
9
Q
Social Ecological Theory: mesosystems
A
Accumulated microsystems e.g. family and neighbourhood
Monitor and intervene in the multiple microsystems to strengthen resilience
10
Q
Social Ecological Theory: exosystem
A
- Environmental influences e.g. local government, media
- Multiple group systems e.g. school board, organisations
- Social cohesion at neighbourhood level to protect against negative influences and promote health
11
Q
Social Ecological Theory: macrosystems
A
- Dominant beliefs and ideology
- Cultural and structural factors
- Impact of socioeconomic policies on health
- Link between poverty, unemployment and ill health
- Facilitate health-enhancing contexts
- Raising consciousness of groups about social issues
- Build individual and community competence
- Challenge material bases of ill-health
12
Q
Implementing the Ecological Model
A
- Working with rather than on people
- Collaborative and participatory research and interventions
- Identify the needs and concerns of the community
- Frame problems systemically
- Goals should be aimed at multiple levels of analysis
- Long-term perspective
13
Q
Intervening within Microsystems
A
- Strengthen individual characteristics influencing interpersonal relations and behaviour
- Strengthen protective influence of interpersonal relationships
- -Increasing access to health care
- -Psychoeducation
- -Skills-building interventions
- -Behaviour modification
- -Cognitive behaviour therapy
- -Motivational interviewing
14
Q
Intervening within Group Systems
A
- Important for sustaining individual interventions
- Empowerment strategies
- Process of transformation
Two key processes
- Renegotiate cultural or group norms
- Facilitate empowerment and collective action to effect change in material conditions at a structural and community level
15
Q
Renegotiating Group Norms
A
- Dominant cultural norms strongly influence health behaviour
- Individual decisions influenced by social norms
- Social representations renegotiated and developed through group interaction
- Occurs in dialogical spaces e.g. churches, sports clubs
- Opinion-forming leaders
- Communication of new ideas over time tips social representation to new alternative
