Health Promotion Flashcards
What is the difference between health promotion and public health?
Public Health
emphasis is on the end goal
Health Promotion
emphasis on the means of achieving the end goal
What is the aim of primary prevention?
Prevent the onset of disease or injury
(by reducing exposure to the risk factors)
What 4 main approaches can be used for primary prevention of diseae?
- Immunisation
- Prevention of contact with risk factors (e.g. asbestos)
- Taking precautions against communicable diseases
- Reducing risk factors from health related behavious (e.g. stop smoking)
What is the aim of secondary prevention?
To detect and treat a disease (or its risk factors) at an early stage to prevent potential future complications
Give an example of a secondary prevention measure?
Screening for high cholesterol > providing statin to reduce risk of atherosclerosis > reduces the risk of ischaemic heart disease
What is the aim of tertiary prevention?
Minimise the effects of established disease
Give an example of an intervention which can be used in tertiary prevention
Steroid use to prevent asthma attakcs
What 5 approaches can be used for health promotion?
- Medical or Preventive
- Behavious Change
- Educational
- Empowerment
- Social Change
Give an example of a social change used for health promotion?
Banning smoking in public places
Give an example of educational health promotion strategies
Providing self help advice to patients to stop smoking
Give an example of how a behaviour change approach to health promotion can be implemented
Making Every Contact Count
Very Brief Advice (Ask > Advise > Act)
What is an empowerment approach to health promotion?
Patient or client centred approach - how do they want us to help?
e.g. quit smoking app to calculate savings
How may provision of health promotion information be misconstruded by members of the public?
Perceive to be empowering them to stop ‘unhealthy lifestyles’ > however they are already aware they need to change their diet but cannot afford to buy healthy alternatives
What is the risk of health promotion programmes for stereotyped individuals?
May reinforce negative stereotypes associated with a condition
e.g. MSM + HIV or IVDU + HIV
How can victim blaming potentially occur from health promotion strategies?
Focuses on the individual behaviour rather than the wider socioeconomic and environmental determinants of health
How can the lay-belief’s theory have an impact on health promotion strategies?
an individuals may know an overwight male, who smokes and who does not develop IHD > therefore they may fail to engage with health promotion strategy
Define evaulation
Rigorous and systematic collection of data to assess the effectiveness of a programme in achieving predetermined objectives
Why do we need to evaluate health promotion programmes?
- Provides an evidence base
__does the intervention work?
- Ethical
imerative we do not harm patients?
- Promgramme management and development
improvements or more widespread use
What 3 methods can be used to evaluate a health promotion programme?
Process Evaluation
Impact Evaluation
Outcome Evaulation
What is a process evaluation?
Examines how a programme was implemented
What is an impact evaluation?
Assess the immediate effects of the intervention (easiest)
What is an outcome evaluation?
What specific factor can influence the recorded outcome?
Measures the long term consequences
Timing can affect the outcome:
Delay - some interventions tkae a long time to generate effect
Decay - some interventions wear off rapidly
