Health Promotion

Question 1

Define Equity

Answer 1

People get what they need as opposed to everyone just getting the exact same thing

Question 2

What is the difference between AGENTIC and STRUCTURAL health promotion?

Answer 2

AGENTIC is targetted at individuals. It requires voluntary compliance, but doesnt address the social factors. STRUCTURAL involves changes to a broader social context, for example screening programs to integrate change

Question 3

What are the 5 principles of health promotion?

Answer 3

1. Focus on WHOLE population
2. Directed towards social determinants of health
3. Combines diverse strategies
4. Requires public participation
5. Interdisciplinary involvement

Question 4

What shift occurred as a result of the LaLonde report?

Answer 4

shift from biomedical disease to a health promotion focus

Question 5

What was the significance of the Alma Alta?

Answer 5

• focussed on the socio-environmental conditions as a DOH

- 5 principles of primary health care were developed

Question 6

What was the focus of the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 6

First time EQUITY became a focus in healthcare.

-Developed “pre-requisites for health”

Question 7

According to the Ottawa Charter, what are the 3 necessary processes for health promotion practice?

Answer 7

1. Advocate (work with, not for)
2. Enable (build capacity in the community)
3. Mediate (act as liason between different professionals)

Question 8

The Ottawa Charter laid out 5 health promotion strategies. What are they?

Answer 8

1. Build healthy public policy (no smoking in cars)
2. Create supportive environments (Garrison as one stop shop)
3. Strengthen Community action (participACTION)
4. Develop personal skills
5. Reorient health services (afterhours options)

Question 9

What was the first initiative to involve the private sector?

Answer 9

1997 Jakarta Declaration

Question 10

The Jakarta Declaration claimed that ___________ is the greatest threat to health…

Answer 10

POVERTY

Question 11

The 2005 Bangkok Charter was the first health promotion charter since 1986. What was its focus?

Answer 11

Human rights and EQUAL opportunity rather than EQUITY in health

Question 12

Compare and contrast the upstream aproach to the downstream approach

Answer 12

UP: focusses on population health by seeking to address economic, social, historical, political and environmental factors that contribute to poor health
DOWN: focusses on individual health by responding to healthcare issues that present. Results in short-term, episodic interventions

Question 13

What is the difference between health promotion and population health?

MAKE CHART

Answer 13

PROMOTION:

• bottom-up approach
• qualitative
• addresses inequalities for individuals, families and communities
• individual is empowered to have an active role in their own health

POPULATION:

• top down approach
• quantitative and statistical methods
• little emphasis on the individual
• focusses on population data

Question 14

Give an example of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary prevention

Answer 14

PRIMARY: basic sanitation for everyone, but also specific protection with chlorine in the water or folic acid supplements
SECONDARY: early diagnosis and treatment (PAP smear)
TERTIARY: prevention of complications and recurrance (Diabetes clinics to help with managment)

Question 15

What is the difference between health promotion and health protection?

Answer 15

Health promotion: approach motivated, not disease or injury specific, seeks to expand positive potential for health

Health Protection: avoidance motivated, disease and injury specific, seeks to fend off the occurance of insults to health and well-being

Question 16

What are the benefits of adopting a population health approach?

Answer 16

• healthier population makes more productive contributions to overall societal development
• requires less support in the form of health care and social benefits
• better able to support and sustain itself over the long term

Question 17

What are the 4 stages of readiness to change?

Answer 17

pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action

Question 18

What is the nurses role in health promotion?

Answer 18

1. assess underlying issues including DOH
2. consider a range of strategies that can be proposed
3. lobby the government

Question 19

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 19

a collaborative conversation style for strengthening a persons own motivation and commitment to change

Question 20

What 4 things contribute to the spirit of motivational interviewing?

Answer 20

1. Partnership
2. Acceptance
3. Compassion
4. Evocation

Question 21

What are the 4 key elements of motivational interviewing?

Answer 21

1. Focussing
2. Engaging
3. Evoking
4. Planning

Question 22

What does OARS stand for?

Answer 22

refers to important communication skills Open questions
Affirming
Reflecting
Summarizing

Question 23

What are the 5 health promotion strategies?

Answer 23

1. Community development
2. Health Advocacy
3. Health Education
4. Policy Development
5. Social Marketing

Question 24

What are the 3 key elements of health advocacy?

Answer 24

1. Facilitating empowerment
2. Educating decision-makers
3. Lobbying for health public policies

Question 25

What are the 5 R’s to social marketing

Answer 25

Right promotion
Right Place
Right Product
Right Price
Right partnership