Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Answer 1

ACTIVE- produced by own immune system upon exposure, provides long-term immunity

PASSIVE-
immune system not actively involved, involves immunity being directly transferred from another person, leads to temporary immunity

Question 2

How does active immunity work?

Answer 2

our immune system is exposed to an antigen, recognizes it as an antigen and creates antibodies to fight that antigen

Question 3

Define eradicate

Answer 3

get rid of all together Smallpox

Question 4

What is a pandemic? How is this different from an epidemic?

Answer 4

Epidemic is an outbreak within a certain area. A pandemic is when that outbreak goes outside a specific geographic area

Question 5

What is the difference between the Federal and Provincial responsibilities in terms of communicable disease control?

Answer 5

FED: provide healthcare money, look after first nations and veteran health, surveillance and research, regulate vaccine control

PROV: receive money, create their own communicable disease programs based on what they see in their own geographical areas

Question 6

Name 3 components (other than immunization) of CDC programs

Answer 6

• outbreak management
• record-keeping
• maintenance of vaccine potency

Question 7

What is the difference between an inactivated vaccine and a live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 7

inactivated vaccine components do not replicate in the body, so the recipient cannot get the disease from the vaccine. LIVE vaccines DO replicate in the body but they will not cause the disease

Question 8

Give an example of an inactivated vaccine

Answer 8

Flu

HPV

Question 9

Give an example of a live attenuated vaccine

Answer 9

MMR

Rotavirus

Question 10

What are Toxoids?

Answer 10

vaccines that protect against injury that occurs as a result of bacterial toxins (diptheria, tetanus)

Question 11

Give 2 examples of passive immunity

Answer 11

rogam
rabies
hep. B

Question 12

List 3 populations that CANNOT receive live vaccines

Answer 12

1. pregnant women
2. severely immunocompromised people, including those on high doses of corticosteroids
3. individuals who have had another live vaccine within the past 6 weeks

Question 13

Rash that first appears on the body, scalp and face, and THEN spreads to the limbs

Answer 13

Varicella (chicken pox)

Question 14

How does rubeola appear?

Answer 14

dusky red blotch rash spreading down from the face

Question 15

How does rubella appear?

Answer 15

raise, red pinpoint rash spreading from behind the ears to face and downward from there

Question 16

What is roseola infantum?

Answer 16

raised red rash on trunk that occurs after 3-4 days of high fever, which spreads to the rest of the body

Question 17

what is impetego?

Answer 17

bacterial infection that results in moist, purulent, yellow crusted sores surrounded by redness

Question 18

How does fifth disease present?

Answer 18

raised red rash that first appears on cheeks

Question 19

How does hand, foot and mouth disease present?

Answer 19

small grayish blisters in mouth, on palms and on soles

Question 20

What is the premise behind herd immunity?

Answer 20

create a highly immune population in an effort to protect those who are unable to be vaccinated

Question 21

List one general and one specific way to prevent TB

Answer 21

GEN: adequate housing and nutrition
SPECIFIC: screening in high risk communities

Question 22

What is the treatment for Latent TB

Answer 22

TB skin test positive

-VOLUNTARY isoniazid for 9 months

Question 23

How is active TB treated?

Answer 23

• isolation, mask until negative sputum
• Treatment takes about a year, and the medications have a lot of side-effects, so there is a high risk for people not completing their antibiotic regime

Question 24

Differentiate between antigenic DRIFT and antigenic SHIFT

Answer 24

DRIFT: gradual change in strain of virus. Allows time to adapt and prepare The reason why vaccines change each year
SHIFT: sudden shift in healthcare environment that causes endemics

Question 25

What are the cardinal signs for influenza?

Answer 25

SUDDEN ONSET fever, chills, fatigue, headache, sore throat and cough

Question 26

What is the incubation period for influenza?

Answer 26

1-4 days

Question 27

When is the flu contagious?

Answer 27

1 day before you start showing symptoms up to 5 days after

Question 28

Name 4 barriers to effective prevention and control of communicable diseases

Answer 28

1. Globalization
2. national immunization strategy continues to develop
3. Cost of vaccines
4. Anti-immunization sentiment

Question 29

List 5 different attitudes towards immunization

Answer 29

1. Uninformed but educable (desire information)
2. Misinformed but correctable (have only known one side of the argument, may need time to consider but will likely return)
3. Well-read and open-minded (need help organizing information)
4. Convinced and content (dont bother engaging in discussion)
5. Committed and zealous (will try to change your mind)

Question 30

Give an example of primary prevention CDC programs

Answer 30

immunization

Question 31

Give an example of a secondary prevention program

Answer 31

?

Question 32

Give an example of tertiary prevention programs

Answer 32

?

Question 33

What are the 3 Rs of travellers immunizations

Answer 33

ROUTINE (mmr, hep B)
REQUIRED (yellow fever, cholera)
RECOMMENDED (hep A, typhoid)