Health Promotion Flashcards
What is Health Promotion?
Increasing optimal health for your patients, you, & whoever? Also involves giving the pts. control over their own health. They more they know about healthy practices, the better choices they will make.
What does World Health Organization do?
WHO organization is a global group to help improve health. Health promotion is allowing individuals to increase control over & to improve health.
-Health promotion involves health wellness, disease, & illness.
What is health?
-A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947, 2018).
-A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, & lifestyle.
What is an illness?
State in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
-Acute illness (short duration & not severe). Ex. Flu (Any type of virus or cold that can cause sickness.) Pneumonia
-Chronic illness (longer than 6 months/affects functioning.) Ex. COPD w/ acute problem-treat acute problem first
What is the scope of Health Promotion?
-Behaviors that promote optimal health across the lifespan within an individual, family, community, population, & environment.
-Categories of Health Promotion involve different preventions: Primary, Secondary (Screening), & Tertiary Prevention
What is Primary Prevention?
-Education & teaching on how to stay healthy & keeping them from getting problems(in schools, routine doctor visits, community)
-Vaccinations, Teaching about exercise to people that don’t have a problem with weight
-Ex. Use of car seat, family planning, tobacco cessation, child hood planning, Sex education
What is Secondary Prevention?
-Reduce impact of disease or injury that has occurred already-Mammograms, pap smear, & Lab Work-Early prevention
-Ex. obese pt. on health class for what to eat & lose weight, Diabetes-Class on how to eat, or control it before heart disease, & limbs being removed, Colonoscopy, Work modification, aspirin
What is Tertiary prevention?
-When they have the disease process want to manage symptoms. Ex. Stroke-managing problem/symptoms/cardiac problems/diabetes
What all is included in Primary Prevention?
-Education-Regular check up, immunizations
-Screening-Educating on importance of screening along with the proper timing for them, ages (mammogram, colonoscopies, & inquiring about family history
-Nutritional Health-Education on obesity & healthy food alternatives for a healthy weight person.
-Physical Activity-Teaching about what they should be doing
What all is included in Tertiary Prevention?
-Education-Disease management; They already have something & you are just educating on how to manage what’s going on (COPD, Diabetes, & B/P.)
-Screening-Blood sugar checks for someone with diabetes. Routine B/P checks for someone taking B/P meds.
-Nutritional Health-Balanced diet, limitations, & healthy alternatives/Hypertension-Cardiac diet
-Physical Activity-Exercise based on individual’s needs & expectations.
First Element of Health Promotion
Optimalization of health focusing on maintaining high levels of wellness, measures to prevent illness, & strategies to for early detection & management of disease when it occurs.
Second Element of Health Promotion
Evidence: Health promotion guidelines are based on evidence, for this reason, recommendations are periodically updated to reflect new knowledge generated through research efforts.
-Preventative Service Task Force researches the best way to handle the problem.
Third Element of Health Promtion
Patient/Community Centered: On individual level, personal motivation to incorporate the strategies is required. On a community level, leadership from individuals within the community is needed for successful implementation.
-Must be done to see what the patient desires or wishes for.
Fourth Element of Health Promtion
Enculturation-Designing & implementing health promotion require cultural competence & sensitivity to differences among cultures.
-Knowing different cultures & being more in lined to what that culture represents to teach them. Look at beliefs, attitudes, like Jehovah witnessed don’t believe in blood transfusions-so you wouldn’t give that.
United States Preventative Task Force
*USPSTF Tasked to research for us. On recommendations: I-Insufficient evidence to recommend for or against them, A-best grade for problem now of importance
Ex. On Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Prevention Medication
-Optimizing health (Measures to maintain health)-For mothers to take folic acid 0.4-0.8 mg.
-Evidence- All persons who are planning to or could become pregnant should take a daily supplement or multivitamin containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 μg) of folic acid.
-Patient/Community Centered-Pregnant women
Individual Focused Health Promotion model
Most health promotion model that focuses on individuals share these common themes: Education is important for elderly
-Cognition-
-Decision making-
-Motivation-
-Behavior-
-Environment-
-Different models to decide what & how to promote health in the community.
Healthy People
-Provides evidence based, 10-year national objectives for promoting health & disease (Most important health risks/factors to work on during that timeframe
-Promotes society where people live long healthy lives.
-Identifies leading health indicators which are high priority health issues in the US
Overarching goals for Health People 2030-Read
Vulnerable Population
-More to get disease problems/experience worse outcomes
-People of low socioeconomic status & persons of ethnic racial minorities (diabetes/B/P)-Need education/clinics set up for them
Assessment
-Where they are now as far as health and what we need to do as for a plan as an individual plan of care. There is also an individual, family & community assessment as well.
Interventions for Primary, Secondary, & Tertiary
*RSV-Preterm babies/term babies get shot
*HPV-Girls normally get but boys can get now
-Education
-Screenings-Nutritional Health
-Physical activity
-Pharmacologic Agents-Mediations to lose weight, Smoking cessation before lung cancer/disease
Look at Box 42.3 Exemplar’s
-Vaccination Schedule (Hep B is given at birth, Vitamin K-start clotting process)
-Nutrition counseling
-Physical Activity-Disease processes or before they get sick
-B/P, Diabetes Screening-Secondary prevention
-CDC puts out recommendations for vaccinations
*Heb B (3 doses) given at birth up to 18 months & when, DTAP starts (starts at two months & every two months in three doses & given later on at 15 months), Heb A (around 12 months of age-2 doses)-Once was optional-Fecal problem (little children put hands where they don’t belong & then touch toys & spreads to other children)
Vaccinations
-0.5ml, children-vastus latus-if easy to give too or deltoid, Adults-Deltoids, Older adult-vastus latus if in hospital, infants (vastus latus) usually get in two legs & then one leg
*Check for allergies after giving a medication for the first time (20 minutes at least)
Vaccinations cont.
*DTap given to babies
-Tdap is given to children at age 11-12 years. Varicella & MMR are started at age 12-15 months with 2nd dose given at 4-6 years. Hep B is given in 3 doses starting at birth. Most childhood vaccines are given by year 18 months of age. Influenza vaccine contraindicated in those with egg allergy.
Pharmacological Agents-Trying to prevent problems before they happen (Know the ones in concept book & write down
Smoking Cessation
-Nicotine-addicted/reduce amount of nicotine and slowly reduce it so they are not using it anymore -patches (Topical), gum(over counter, lozenges-mouth-Over counter)
- Short-term use to reduce nicotine craving and provide relief of symptoms from nicotine withdrawal
*Don’t smoke with it on
*Side effects-lighted headedness, dizziness, light palpitations
*If person can stop smoking for three days it will be out of their system
-A lot of people gain weight because of cravings/Use distraction for the craving withdrawal
*Sick can’t smoke/give patch & make sure the other one is removed before applying new one with gloves & placed in box in med room
Weight loss
-Most drugs are used to reduce appetite by making the patient feel full and several (phentermine, benzenediamine, diethylpropion, and phendimetrazine) are only for short-term use (up to 12 weeks) as appetite suppressors. -However, one approved drug (orlistat) is a lipase inhibitor that blocks the ability of the body to absorb fat. This is recommended for long-term use (up to 1 year) for adults and children older than age 12 years.
*Could be harmful if other underlying problems are going on.
* If BMI is over 30, you want give medication. HCP tries to suppress appetite or do exercise before medication is prescribed.
*Side Effects-Anal leaking, diarrhea, uncontrolled bowel coming out, nausea, vomiting
*These medications Increase metabolism, HR, Heart palpitations dizziness. High bp don’t want them to take this type of medication.
*Don’t give to people with heart issues that could increase the HR.
Herbal remedies
-Not regulated by FDA
-chamomile-Insomnia, tea-taking in a lot for sleeping, Alcohol, barbiturates
Garlic-People with high cholesterol/HCP needs to know if taking a lot/Stop before surgery
-Giner-nausea/vomiting, decreases blood sugar/causes gas/bloating
Ginseng-boast immune system & treating erectile function, vitamin c, menopausal symptoms, diabetic need to be careful
-St. John’s wort-want help with chronic depression/but will with situational depression. Can interact with birth control pills & digoxin. Causes sensitivity to sunlight
-Turmeric-Heartburn/inflammation (Arthritis, gall bladder disease-avoid, high does can cause nausea/vomiting
