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PDHPE > Health Priorities in Australia > Flashcards

Health Priorities in Australia Flashcards

1
Q

What is Epidemiology?

A

The study of health patterns and causes of health and disease in populations and the application of this study to improve health.

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2
Q

What are Measures of Epidemiology?

A
  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • Morbidity
  • Mortality
  • Life Expectancy
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3
Q

What is the Infant Mortality Rate?

A

The number of deaths among children aged under 1 year in a given period per 1000 live births

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4
Q

What is Morbidity?

A

The incidence of illness, diease of injury in a population

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5
Q

What is Mortality?

A

The number of deaths in a given population from a certain cause over a period of time

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6
Q

What is Life Expectancy?

A

An indication of how long a person can expect to live

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7
Q

What is the Life Expectancy for Females and Males in Australia?

A

Female: 85 years
Male: 81 years

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8
Q

What are Social Justice Principles?

A

Measures that aim at decreasing or elimanating inequality

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9
Q

What are the Social Justice Principles?

A
  • Equity
  • Diversity
  • Supportive Environments
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10
Q

What is Prevalence?

A

The number of cases in a population at a given time

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11
Q

What is the difference between Prevalence and Incidence?

A

Incidence is the number of new cases diagonsed in a specific time period, while prevalence refers to the number of people alive who had been with a disease.

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12
Q

What conditions have high Prevalence in Australia?

A
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Cancers
  • Dementia and Alzhemier’s Disease
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13
Q

What are Mortality statistics for Indigenous Australians?

A
  • 2x more likely to die of cancer
  • 3x higher infant mortality rates
  • 3x greater injury rates than the rest of Australia
  • 5x more likely to die of a heart attack
  • 8.6 years lower life expectancy
  • 8.8x more likely to die of diabetes
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14
Q

What are Morbidity statistics for Indigenous Australians?

A
  • Higher levels of mental health problems
  • Oral care and health is lower than non-ATSI
  • 1.5x more likely to suffer from one stressor
  • 1.6x likely to develop Asthma
  • 50% of ATSI smoke regulary
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15
Q

What sociocultural determinants affect Indigenous Australians?

A
  • Preference for cultural medicine over Western
  • 1 in 9 speak Indigenous languages in the home
  • Years of dicrimination leads to mistrust of the government
  • Higher rates of domestic violence, abuse and smoking
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16
Q

What socioeconomic determinants affect Indigenous Australians?

A
  • 2.5x more likely to be in the lowest income bracket
  • Poorer levels of education
  • Higher unemployment
  • Lowered health literacy
17
Q

What environmental determinants affect Indigenous Australians?

A
  • More likely to live in rural/remote locations
  • Inadequate housing with greater overcrowding and reduced access to electricity, water, internet, hygiene and technology
  • Reduced acess to health services such as GP and dentists
18
Q

What is Health Status

A

The overall wellness in a population

19
Q

What are the 5 ways to identify health priority issues?

A
  1. Social Justice Principles
  2. Priority Population Groups
  3. Prevalence of Condition
  4. Potential for prevention and ealry intervention
  5. Costs to the individual and community
20
Q

What is the Role of Individuals in adressing the health inequities faced by the Indigenous population?

A

Individuals can:
* Take control of their own health e.g make informed health decisions and engaging with their community
* Create supportive environments for others

This will reduce risk behaviours and increase protective behaviours

21
Q

What is the Role of Communities in adressing the health inequities faced by the Indigenous population?

A

Communties can:
* Implement governmental programs e.g Close the Gap
* Advocate to the government for specfic health issues
* Develop local iniatives to get others involved

22
Q

What is the Role of Governments in adressing the health inequities faced by the Indigenous population?

A

Governments can:
* Develop policies and funding iniatives e.g Close the Gap campaign and Indigenous Chronic Disease Package (805)
* Provide for more doctors and medical support in Indigenous communities

23
Q

What sociocultural determinants affect low SES individuals?

A
  • 2.3x more likey to smoke
  • 1.7 times more likely to report having 4 or more risk factors which would influence children brought up in these homes e.g. healthy eating
24
Q

What socioeconomic determinants affect low SES individuals?

A
  • Less education leads to less informed choices and less knowledge of services available to them
  • Less choice in type of employment leading to higher rates of hazardous work
25
Q

What environmental determinants affect low SES individuals?

A
  • Higher rates of homelessness. A lack of shelter will affect all aspects of health
  • Homeslessness limits acess to health services e.g Centrelink which requires an adress
26
Q

What is the Role of Individuals in adressing health inequities faced by low SES individuals?

A

Individuals can:
* Stay in school or regularly attend university. This will allow them to make informed educted choices and increases chances of not being a part of the low SES community

27
Q

What is the Role of Communities in adressing health inequities faced by low SES individuals?

A

Communities can:
* Provide relevant healthcare and support services e.g. PCYC

28
Q

What is the Role of the Goverment in adressing health inequities faced by low SES individuals?

A

Goverments can:
* Support community programs
* Provide free or reduced cost healthcare e.g. Medicare

29
Q

Why is it important to identify priority groups?

A
  • Reduces waste of resources such as time and money
  • Observe areas that need further improvement
  • Observe what has worked well
30
Q

What are limitations of Epidemiology?

A
  • Does not include all dimensions of health
  • Doesn’t provide information about quality of life
  • Doesn’t take health determinants into account
  • Doesn’t provide variations between population sub-groups
31
Q
A

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