Health Policy

Question 1

When did evidence based medicine come about?

Answer 1

1997

Question 2

What is evidence based medicine?

Answer 2

The conscientious explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients

Question 3

Where was evidence based medicine founded?

Answer 3

Canada

Question 4

What is in the evidence based medicine triad?

Answer 4

Patient values and expectations
Individual clinical expertise
Best external evidence

Question 5

Most common type of study to test drugs?

Answer 5

Randomised controlled trials

Question 6

Levels of evidence? (Lowest to highest)

Answer 6

In vitro
Animal research
Ideas, editorials, opinions
Case reports
Case series
Case controlled studies
Cohort studies
Randomised controlled double blind studies
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Question 7

What are the five steps of evidence-based medicine?

Answer 7

1) ask a clinical question
2) acquire the best evidence
3) appraise the evidence
4) apply the evidence
5) assess performance

Question 8

Types of none research scientific evidence?

Answer 8

Case report
Technical note
Pictorial essay
Review
Commentary
Editorial
Letter to the editor
Others
Non-scientific material

Question 9

Types of secondary research papers?

Answer 9

systematic review

Meta-analysis

Question 10

Difference between systematic review and meta-analysis?

Answer 10

Meta-analysis is a type of systematic review that uses quantitative methods to summarise results

Question 11

What is level 1 evidence?

Answer 11

conditions for which there is evidence and/or general agreement that a given therapy is beneficial, useful and effective

Question 12

What is level of the 2 evidence?

Answer 12

Conditions for which there is conflicting evidence and/or divergence of opinion about the usefulness/efficacy of a therapy

Question 13

What is level 2a evidence?

Answer 13

weight of evidence/opinion is in favour of its usefulness/efficacy

Question 14

What is level 2b evidence?

Answer 14

Usefulness/efficacy is less well established by evidence/opinion

Question 15

What is level 3 evidence?

Answer 15

conditions for which there is evidence and/or general agreement that a therapy is not useful/effective and, in some cases, may be harmful

Question 16

What is grade A of recommendation?

Answer 16

data derived from multiple randomised clinical trials or meta-anaylses

Question 17

What is grade B of recommendation?

Answer 17

data derived from a single randomised clinical trial or large non-randomised studies

Question 18

What is grade C of recommendation?

Answer 18

Only concensus of opinions of experts, case studies or standard of care

Question 19

What is a case report?

Answer 19

Description of a single case with unique features

Question 20

What is a commentary?

Answer 20

a short article that describes the author’s personal experience of a specific topic

Question 21

What is a technical note?

Answer 21

a description of a specific technique or procedure, modification of an existing technique or new equipment available

Question 22

What is an editorial?

Answer 22

most often, a short review or critique of original articles accepted for publication in the same journal, a brief description of a subject that does not warrant a full review or to draw attention to very recent innovations or of interest to readers

Question 23

What is a pictorial essay?

Answer 23

A teaching article that relies on the quality of its images. Text is usually limited

Question 24

What is a letter to the editor?

Answer 24

Letters are usually short can be of any subject of interest to the journal reader. Authors are typically invited to make a written response

Question 25

IMRAD acronym?

Answer 25

Introduction
Methods
Results
And
Discussion