Health Planning + Management Flashcards
must be suited to its current situation and the needs to be serviced
health services should be designed so as to meet the health needs and demands of the people
Organizational design
Skillful use of human resources
Personnel management – ergonomics
Proper methods of selection, training and motivation; division of responsibility; distribution of roles; incentive for better work; opportunities for promotion and professional advancement
Personnel management – ergonomics
functions of an information system consist of collection, classification, transmission, storage, retrieval, transformation and display of information. It provides data for monitoring and evaluation of health programmes and gives the requisite feedback to health administrators and planners at all levels
Information systems
Objectives are set forth for different units and subunits, each of which prepares its own plan of action
Management by objectives – splitting work
formal discipline used to weigh the total expected costs against the total expected benefits of one or more actions in order to choose the best or most profitable option
Cost Benefit Analysis
There must be a common unit of measurement
Cost Benefit Analysis
analysis of the project should involve ‘with action versus without action’ comparison
Cost Benefit Analysis
Double counting of benefits or costs must be avoided
Cost Benefit Analysis
Long term benefits should be considered
Cost Benefit Analysis
Helps in budgeting in health system
Cost Benefit Analysis
Helps in long term investment planning
Cost Benefit Analysis
difficult to express all the benefits in terms of monetary units, decision maker’s bias can happen
Cost Benefit Analysis
Decision maker may miss the indirect benefits/costs
Cost Benefit Analysis
Cost of program is compared with the outcome in terms of reduction of morbidity and mortality
Cost effective analysis
Helps in evaluating the activities of the health program
Cost effective analysis
Helps in identifying weak points in implementing the program
Cost effective analysis
difficult to measure all benefits in terms of effectiveness
Cost effective analysis
identification of benefits may be subjective
Cost effective analysis
certain specific techniques which can be used for the planning, management and control of projects
Network analysis
utilize the resources optimally
Network analysis
minimize the total project time
Network analysis
minimize the total cost of the project
Network analysis
minimize the conflicts, delays and interruption
Network analysis
longest sequence of activities that must be finished on time in order for the entire project to be complete
CPM - Critical Path Method
revolves around discovering the most important tasks in the project timeline, identifying task dependencies, and calculating task durations
CPM - Critical Path Method
Used in Production management - for the jobs of repetitive in nature where the activity time estimates, can be predicted with considerable certainty due to the existence of past experience
CPM - Critical Path Method
activities are shown as a network of precedence relationships using activity-on-arrow network construction
-Multiple time estimates
-Probabilistic activity times
PERT - Project Evaluation & Review Techniques
Used in Project management - for non-repetitive jobs where the time and cost estimates tend to be quite uncertain. This technique uses probabilistic time estimates
PERT - Project Evaluation & Review Techniques
minimum amount of time needed to accomplish a task
Optimistic time
maximum amount of time needed to accomplish a task
Pessimistic time
best estimate of how long it will likely take to accomplish a task
Most likely time
Design is based on event
PERT
Time requirement is estimated
PERT
Main objective is to take shortest time
PERT
Activity time is not subjective
PERT
Slack time can not be identified
PERT
Design is based on activity
CPM
Time requirement is taken from previous experience
CPM
There is mixture of time and cost
CPM
Activity time is subjective
CPM
Slack time can be identified
CPM
system to help decision makers to allocate resources so that the available resources of an organization are used in the most effective way in achieving its objectives
Planning programming budgeting system
Calls for grouping of activities into programmes related to each objectives
Planning programming budgeting system
Budget are built around what is needed for the upcoming period, regardless of whether the budget is higher or lower than the previous one
Zero budget approach
systematic observation and recording of activities of one or more individuals, carried out at predetermined or random intervals
Work sampling
provides quantitative measurement of the various activities. The major parameters that are analyzed are the type of activities performed and the time needed to do specified jobs
Work sampling
studies are useful for doctors, nurses, pharmacists and laboratory technicians
Work sampling
permits judgments to the appropriateness of current staff, job description and training
Work sampling
helps in standardizing the methods of performing jobs and determining the manpower needs in any organization
Work sampling
