Health Of Australians Flashcards
Define INCIDENCE:
The number of new cases of a disease during a specified period of time
Eg: new disease
Define PREVALENCE:
Number of cases of a particular disease present in a population at a given time
Eg: old disease (cancer)
What is MORTALITY RATE?
The number or deaths over a period of time
What is UNDER 5 MORTALITY RATE (U5MR):p
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births
BURDEN OF DISEASE:
- measure of impact of disease and injuries
- measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease.
LIFE EXPECTANCY:
An indication of how long a person can expect to live if death rates do not change.
YEARS LOST OF LIFE (YLL):
Years of life lost due to premature death
–> life expectancy - age does = YLL
YEARS LOST DUE TO DISABILITY (YLD):
Number of healthy years lost due to disease, illness or injury
–> time diagnosed with illness - age they died at = YLD
What is MORBIDITY?
Refers to ill health in a n individual and levels of ill health in a population or group
What is MORTALITY?
Death in a population per 100,000
Define the PHYSICAL DIMENSION OF HEALTH with 3 EXAMPLES:
Physical health: the efficacy functioning of the body and its systems, and i life’s the physical capacity to perform tasked and physical fitness (VCAA 2012)
Eg: ideal body weight, freedom from illness, strong immune systems
Define the SOCIAL DIMENSION OF HEALTH with 3 EXAMPLES:
Social health: being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both independent and cooperative way (VCAA 2013)
Example: supportive network of friends, supportive and well functioning family, productive relationships with other people.
Define the MENTAL DIMENSION OF HEALTH with 4 EXAMPLES:
Mental health: state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able the make a contribution to his or her community.
Example: low levels of stress and anxiety, positive self esteem, high level of confidence, positive though patterns
What are the 3 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH?
PMS: physical, social, mental
List the DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH?
BBSP: behavioural, biological, social, physical environment
Define the BEHAVIOURAL DETERMENT and list 8EXAMPLES!
Relate to the choices people make in their like that impact on their health status
Eg: Tabacco smoking, alcohols consumption, drug misuse, physical activity levels, dietary choices, sexual behaviour, vaccination status, risk taking behaviour
Define the BIOLOGICAL DETERMENT and list 6 EXAMPLES!
Relates to the structure of the cells, tissues and systems of the body and how adequately they function. Many of these are genetic influences and can not be controlled
Eg: body weight, blood cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose regulation, genetics(including sex), birth weight.
Define the PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DETERMENT and list 5 EXAMPLES!
This is the environment we surround our selfs in, these include aspects of the environment that occur naturally.
Eg: housing, work environment, urban design and infrastructure, air quality, climate and climate change.
Define the SOCIAL DETERMENT and list 8 EXAMPLES!
The determinants within the social environment that impact on health status. These include the individuals behaviours
Eg: socioeconomic status (SES), work and unemployment, social exclusion, stress, food security, early life experiences, access to health care and health services
What is HALE?
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy: measures burden of disease on like expectancy at birth but including an adjustment for times spent in poor health.
•number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of mortality.
Define DALYS:
disability adjusted life year: A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost doe to premature death and time lived with a illness, disease or injury.
–> YLL + YLD = 1 DALY
What is HEALTH?
A complete state of physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease
HEALTH STATUS:
An individual’s populations overall health., taking into account various aspect such as life expectancy, amount of disability and level of disease risk factors
What determinate does BODY WEIGHT belong to, explain what is it!
BIOLOGICAL: relates to health outcome directly after pregnancy and later in life.
•babies born with a low birth weight are under 2.5kg and are more likely to underdeveloped immune systems making them more susceptible to infections, premature death as well as significant disabilities such a speech and learning.
In the future:
•high blood pressure
•type two diabetes
•cardiovascular disease
Cause: •age of mother •smoking •mum nutrition status •illness of mother during pregnancy.
