Health Occ, Ch 1 Health Care Systems Flashcards
major type of health care facility
hospitals
What do hospitals offer?
acute care
immediate, short term care
acute care
Hospitals can be classified as?
private or voluntary
for-profit, in business to make money, and can turn people away if they have no money or insurance
private hospitals
not-for-profit, money put into hospital, and cannot turn anyone away
voluntary hospitals
Hospitals vary in ___ and ___ provided.
size; services
treat a wide variety of illnesses
general hospitals
care for only special conditions or age groups
specialty hospitals
Type/Examples of specialty hospitals
burn hospitals, oncology (cancer) hospitals, or pediatric hospitals (Riley, St. John’s Springfield, Childrens in ST. Louis)
operate by federal, state, or local govts
government hospitals
Government hospital example
Veterans hospitals
used for a person who does not need hospital care, but is not ready to go home yet. (not at HSHS St. Anthony)
sub-acute care facility
When is a sub-acute care facility used?
Used to give patient rehab or additional IV therapy
Where can a sub-acute care facility be found?
in hospitals or long term care facilities (ex. nursing homes; Rehab to Home [recovery reasons like therapy for hip replacement])
Home Care Agencies
care for persons in their home (HSHS covers large area)
What services do Home Care Agencies offer?
V therapy, personal care (bathing & washing hair), wound care (infected or surgical care), or physical therapy (occupational or speech)
also called nursing homes, nursing facilities, nursing centers, or skilled care facilities
long-term care facilities
Long-term care facilities provide ___ ____ and ____ ____ to individuals who can no longer care for themselves
basic physical; emotional care
People living in nursing homes are called?
residents
designed for persons w/ Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias. (Ex: Willow Brook & Lavender Ridge in Effingham)
Memory Care Facilities
Memory Care Facilities can be _____ or ____ in long term care facility. (allow to do more things than nursing home; smaller)
stand-alone facility; separate unit
care for people w/ mental illness (not HSHS, @ Sarah Bush- Behavioral Health) (Heartland Human Services- outpatient, don’t live there)
Mental Health Agencies
designed for persons who are dying (w/ home health) *not just physical; address emotions & social & spiritual life; help family
hospices
In hospice, what 4 needs are provided to the person and family?
Physical, emotional, social, and spiritual
allow persons to live in their own apartment, but takes care of services such as cooking, laundry, cleaning, and transportation (Ex. Villas of Hollybrook, Glenwood, Brookstone)(very expensive)
Assisted Living Facilities
helps a person return to their highest level of function. (4-6 hrs therapy / day; intensive) Patients receive rehab in hospitals and nursing homes as well.
Rehabilitation Facilities
When should rehab begin?
when a person first seeks health care (quicker= better recovery)
This involves health care agencies joining together as one provider of care and has done so many services can be offered
Health Care Systems
__ goes into one system.
Money
What System is St. Anthony a part of? What other hospitals are in it?
Hospital Sisters Health System; ex. St. Antony, St. John’s, St Marys, St. Joseph’s, St. Elizabeths, Good Shepherd, Holy Family
Health Care Systems are led by a governing body called…
Board of Directors or Board of Trustees
begins suddenly, but the patient is expected to recover
Examples: Flu, COVID, pneumonia, Tonsillitis, Appendicitis
acute illness
ongoing illness that begins slowly and has no cure
This type can usually be managed with treatments/medicine
Examples: Diabetes, Lupus, Asthma, Arthritis, Parkinson’s, HIV, cancer
chronic illness
one which eventually ends in death
Examples: AIDS, cancer, ALS (wasting of muscles throughout)
terminal illness
Staff members whose skills and knowledge are directed to the person is total care. Members work together to meet the needs of the patient. (health occ students are a part of this)
Health Care Team
How many different healthcare careers are there?
200
Who is the focus of the health care team?
patient/resident
The nursing team consists of who? (3)
R.N.’s (registered nurse), L.P.N.’s (licensed practical nurses), and nursing assistants
person gets training while working in a facility
Ex: dental assistant, phlebotomist (draw blood; in lab), dietetic assistant (prepares trays; food), pharmacy technician (pills in bottles)
On the job training
high school program which prepare student for immediate employment
Ex: Health occ class- provides C.N.A. training
Secondary Vocational Program
two-year course of study offered by vocational schools or community colleges
Ex: Registered nurse, Radiologic technologist (takes X-Rays), vet tech, physical therapy assistant, dental hygienist
Associate’s Degree
degree offered by college or university acquired after 4 or more years
Ex: registered nurse, medical lab technologist (read slides; look @ machines), radiologic technologist, social work, psychology
Bachelor’s Degree
awarded by college or university after 1 or more years beyond bachelor’s
Ex: Dietician, Occupational Therapist, Speech Language Pathologist, Social Worker, Registered Nurse (aka NP; Nurse Practitioner)
Master’s Degree
awarded by college or university after 2 or more years beyond master’s degree
Ex: physician, dentist, healthcare administrator (runs hospital/nursing home; COO or CEO; Chad Markwell), psychiatrist, veterinarian, ophthalmologist (surgery on eyes), physical therapist, pharmacist, optometrist (examines eyes & prescribes)
Doctorate/Doctor’s Degree
Nursing care patterns depend on how many persons need…
care, the staff, and the cost.
focuses on task and jobs. (each person has own function; each nurse= different task) (not typically liked by patient)
functional nursing
involves a team of nursing staff led by an RN. (St. Anthony uses) (charge nurse stays @ desk & communicates w/ doctor) (most $ efficient)
team nursing
involves total care. (not really used; not $ efficient)
primary nursing
involves moving services from departments to the bedside. (goes w/ any patterns ^) (MRIs & CAT scans don’t move)
patient-focused care
coordinates care from admission to discharge (follows up every day)
Case Management-nurse case manager
Different positions wear different colors…
CNA= black; case manager= blue, respiratory= brown; lab= burgundy; physical therapy= khakis & polo
purchased by individuals and families (expensive; if job doesn’t offer)
private insurance plans
covers individuals belonging to a group (typically w/ job; often offered by employer to employees)
group insurance plans
type of insurance plan that provides services for a prepaid fee (reason= keep people healthy, better in long run; saves $)
Monthly fee paid, which slays the same regardless of the amount of care used
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
HMO focuses on ______, such as immunizations and routine exams
preventative care (health maintenance)
type of contracted care often offered by large companies/industries to their employees (discount).
The industry/company forms a contract with certain hospitals or physicians to provide all the care to their employees at a reduced rate.
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
What is the disadvantage of PPO?
Patients must choose hospitals or doctors w/in the contract (inconvenient)
federal govt. program (same across US)
Provides benefits for almost all individuals over the age of 65
Also provides benefits for individuals who have been disabled for more than 2 years
Medicare
program offered by state govt.
Benefits vary slightly from state to state
Provides benefits for low-income individuals, children who qualify for public assistance, and individuals who are physically disabled or blind
Medicaid
Method of controlling costs for Medicare and Medicaid
Length of stay and treatment costs are determined for certain diagnosis
Each diagnosis has a number called a DRG (diagnosis-related group) code (DRG forced hospitals to do good job)
Hospital is prepaid
Prospective Payment System
If expenses go over the amount paid, the hospital __ money
If expenses stay under the amount paid, the hospital __ money
Encourages hospitals to be __
loses; makes; efficient
The line of authority or chain of command in health care facilities
May be simple or complex, depending on the size of the facility
Indicates areas of responsibility
Organizational structure
Problems or questions should always be taken to a worker’s ____
immediate supervisor
OBRA stands for
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
OBRA law developed in
1987
Requires states to establish training and competency evaluation for nursing assistants
Nursing assistants must complete state-approved program and take a written exam
Must also complete competency skills
If a nursing assistant does not work for 2 years, must retrain
Each state maintains a registry of qualified individuals
OBRA
Problems are also known as
deficiencies or “tags”
If problems are found…
The agency is given time, usually ___ at most, to correct the problem.
The agency can be ___ for uncorrected or serious deficiencies. (2nd chance)
The agency can lose its ___________________ (if not fixed 3rd chance)
60 days; fined; license, certification, or accreditation
Your ____ is to provide quality care to patients/residents
If questioned by a surveyor, answer ___.
If you don’t know the answer, tell the surveyor the ___ and tell them you ___ the answer.
responsibility; honestly; truth; will find
