Health introduction + public health Flashcards
What is health
State of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing, not just the absence of disease
What is disease
Any harmful deviation from normal structural or functional state of an organism, usually concerning symptoms other than physical injuries
What is homeostasis
Regulation of body internal environment to an approximate state. Dynamic equilibrium
Homeo = health
Loss of homeo = disease state
Examples of homeostasis
- Body temp
- Body pH
- Blood pressure
- Heart rate
- Blood sugar = BM
- Ion balance
Why is homeostasis important
Biochemical reactions in the body take place at an optimum pH and temperature. Catalysed by enzymes that function in these optimum conditions
Mass conservation and equation that relates to body
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
Total amount of substance = (intake+production)-(excretion-metabolism)
Examples of the disease classification temporal?
Acute (short lasting) or chronic (prolonged period of time)
Aetiology based disease classification
MEANING WHAT CAUSES IT
-Infectious
-Autoimmue
-Genetic diseases
Anatomical or organ system disease classification
WHAT DISEASE TARGETS
-Cardiovascular
-Neurological
Morphological or structural disease classification
Tumours or cysts
Pathophysiology definition
Structural + functional changes in cells, tissues and organs during disease
Pharmacology definition
Uses, effects and modes of action of drugs
An understanding of H+D can improve patient care by:
- Promotion of health services
-Improve medical adherence - Highlight lifestyle choices
-Provide more effective communication as you are more knowledgeable
What is public health?
All organised measures to prevent disease and promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole
Multimorbidity today stats:
Over half of the population live with more than one long term health condition.
This links to poly pharmacy - one med can increase side effects that could lead to other diseases
e.g. t2 diabetes could lead to depression
How can we prevent clusters of disease
By addressing common risk factors e.g. smoking cessation can prevent cardiovascular and respiration issues as well as cancers
Social determinants of health
- A rich person is less likely to smoke
This is due to nurture. Poor people are more likely to smoke etc.
-Other factors like: education, housing, access to healthcare, work environment etc
What are the 3 domains of public health?
- Health promotion - encouraging exercise
- Health protection - vaccinations
- Health care and public health - access to timely services etc
What does the department of health and social care do
Changes regulations and laws
What does the UK health security agency do
Health protection - inc infectious disease control
What are healthy living pharmacies
They offer services to improve health + wellbeing of the community
What are a few of the services offered by healthy living pharmacies
- Hypertension case finding which can prevent strokes
- Smoking cessation support
- Signposting to services e.g. weight management
How can we prevent harm to the public
- Medication review and deprescribing
- vaccinations
- STI prevention and treatment
- Drug and alcohol services
- occupational health
