Health introduction + public health

Question 1

What is health

Answer 1

State of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing, not just the absence of disease

Question 2

What is disease

Answer 2

Any harmful deviation from normal structural or functional state of an organism, usually concerning symptoms other than physical injuries

Question 3

What is homeostasis

Answer 3

Regulation of body internal environment to an approximate state. Dynamic equilibrium

Homeo = health
Loss of homeo = disease state

Question 4

Examples of homeostasis

Answer 4

• Body temp
• Body pH
• Blood pressure
• Heart rate
• Blood sugar = BM
• Ion balance

Question 5

Why is homeostasis important

Answer 5

Biochemical reactions in the body take place at an optimum pH and temperature. Catalysed by enzymes that function in these optimum conditions

Question 6

Mass conservation and equation that relates to body

Answer 6

Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Total amount of substance = (intake+production)-(excretion-metabolism)

Question 7

Examples of the disease classification temporal?

Answer 7

Acute (short lasting) or chronic (prolonged period of time)

Question 8

Aetiology based disease classification

Answer 8

MEANING WHAT CAUSES IT
-Infectious
-Autoimmue
-Genetic diseases

Question 9

Anatomical or organ system disease classification

Answer 9

WHAT DISEASE TARGETS
-Cardiovascular
-Neurological

Question 10

Morphological or structural disease classification

Answer 10

Tumours or cysts

Question 11

Pathophysiology definition

Answer 11

Structural + functional changes in cells, tissues and organs during disease

Question 12

Pharmacology definition

Answer 12

Uses, effects and modes of action of drugs

Question 13

An understanding of H+D can improve patient care by:

Answer 13

• Promotion of health services
  -Improve medical adherence
• Highlight lifestyle choices
  -Provide more effective communication as you are more knowledgeable

Question 14

What is public health?

Answer 14

All organised measures to prevent disease and promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole

Question 15

Multimorbidity today stats:

Answer 15

Over half of the population live with more than one long term health condition.
This links to poly pharmacy - one med can increase side effects that could lead to other diseases
e.g. t2 diabetes could lead to depression

Question 16

How can we prevent clusters of disease

Answer 16

By addressing common risk factors e.g. smoking cessation can prevent cardiovascular and respiration issues as well as cancers

Question 17

Social determinants of health

Answer 17

• A rich person is less likely to smoke
  This is due to nurture. Poor people are more likely to smoke etc.
  -Other factors like: education, housing, access to healthcare, work environment etc

Question 18

What are the 3 domains of public health?

Answer 18

1. Health promotion - encouraging exercise
2. Health protection - vaccinations
3. Health care and public health - access to timely services etc

Question 19

What does the department of health and social care do

Answer 19

Changes regulations and laws

Question 20

What does the UK health security agency do

Answer 20

Health protection - inc infectious disease control

Question 21

What are healthy living pharmacies

Answer 21

They offer services to improve health + wellbeing of the community

Question 22

What are a few of the services offered by healthy living pharmacies

Answer 22

• Hypertension case finding which can prevent strokes
• Smoking cessation support
• Signposting to services e.g. weight management

Question 23

How can we prevent harm to the public

Answer 23

• Medication review and deprescribing
• vaccinations
• STI prevention and treatment
• Drug and alcohol services
• occupational health