HEALTH INDICATORS Flashcards
- Tools used to measure objectively a specific health concept of interest.
- Usually, numeric measures which help compare the targeted or expected results of health programs.
health indicators
types of health indicators:
- Aspect of health being measured.
- Group referred to.
- Time covered by the events.
- Components of the evaluation framework.
types of health being measured:
- health status indicators
- health service performance indicators
measure health
outcomes and/or their risk factors.
health status indicators
measure aspects of the performance of health services or public health programs
health service performance indicators
types of group referred to:
- crude rates
- specific rates
describes the total population
which is used as the denominator in the computation.
crude rates
describes only a specific sub group of the total population being considered.
specific rates
types of time covered by the events:
- point in time
- period of time
- occurred during the specific point in time being considered.
point in time
occurred over a period of time
period of time
existing cases
prevalence
new cases occuring
incidence
types of the components of the evaluation framework:
- input indicators
- output indicators
- outcome indicators
- impact indicators
resources needed to deliver
the essential services to the population or to achieve project objectives.
input indicators
direct products of project
activities. Generally, in the form of activities and processes undertaken.
output indicators
immediate result of the
services or activities implemented.
outcome indicators
intended or unintended
long-term organizational/community change
impact indicators
types of Conventional Health Status Indicators:
- Measures of Morbidity
- Measures of Mortality
- Measures of Fertility
types of Computing Indicators:
- Absolute numbers
- Ratios
- Proportions
- Rates
simple count of the number of persons, houses or events being considered
absolute numbers
easy to understand but difficult to interpret especially when making comparisons among
groups with different sizes.
absolute numbers
- result of dividing one number by another
- reserved for measures wherein the numerator is NOT PARTof the denominator.
ratio
Special kind of ratio wherein the numerator is part of the denominator
proportion
When multiplied by 100 – called as percentage.
proportion
Measures how fast an event occurs over time or space.
rate
similar to proportion but w/ element of time
rate
Expressed in terms of the frequency of
occurrence of events.
rate
