Demography Flashcards
The scientific study of human populations.
Demography
o Population size
o Population structure/composition
o Population distribution in space
demography
population size is affected by:
- Natality
- Mortality
- Migration
2 Methods of Population Allocation:
- de facto method
- de jure method
people are counted or allocated to the area where they were physically present at the time of the census.
de facto method
people are counted or
allocated to the place of their usual residence.
de jure method
Determines the number of percentages of the population according to the categories of
important socio-demographic-economic variables.
population composition
Factors Affecting Population Composition
- birth rate
- death rate
- emigration
- immigration
indicator of age-induced
economic drain on human resources.
age dependency ratio
2 age groups of dependents:
Children (0-14yo).
Elderly (≥65yo)
economically active group
15-64 yrs
: computed by dividing the number of males by the number of females using a factor of 100.
sex ratio
Interpreted as the number of males for every 100 females in the population.
sex ratio
Graphical presentation of the age and sex structure of a population.
The population Pyramid
- male population is shown at the left and females at the right.
- The youngest age group is the base and the oldest is the top.
Special type of histogram
Description of how people are distributed in a specified space or geographic area
Population Distribution
Population Distribution is affected by:
- Physical
- Political
- Social/Cultural
- Economic
of ppl/land area
population density
of household members/# of rooms in the house
crowding index
Computation of future changes in population numbers, given certain assumptions about
future trends in the rates of fertility, mortality and migration.
Population Estimation
Measures of Changes in Population Size:
- Natural increase
- Rate of natural increase
- Relative increase
- Absolute increase per year (b)
- Annual rate of growth (r)
Natural increase in a specific place and time = number of births – number of deaths
Natural Increase
The rate of natural increase in a specific place and time.
= crude birth rate (CBR) – crude death rate (CDR)
Rate of Natural Increase
The actual difference between 2 census counts expressed in percent relative to the population
size of the prior census
Relative Increase
Measures the average number of people added
to the population per year.
Absolute Increase Per Year (b)
- Also utilize results of 2 censuses to quantify the amount of change in population size.
- Assumes that the population is changing at a constant rate per year.
Annual Rates of Growth (r)
- Take into account all the operations that can
affect population size. - Component Method
- Mathematical Method
Method of Estimation
Also known as inflow-outflow or balancing
equation method.
Component Method
assumes equal change every year
Arithmetic method
assumes that the population changes at the same rate over each unit.
Geometric method
assumes a constant rate of
change (r) and population is increasing continuously
Exponential method
