Health, Human Rights and Intervention EQ1 - Human development Flashcards
What are the traditional measures of national development?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross National Income (GNI)
Traditional views of development incorporated only economic progress.
What is the HPI?
Happy Planet Index - claimed to be the leading global measure of sustainable wellbeing
How does the HPI measure development?
Takes into account experienced wellbeing, life expectancy and ecological footprint.
EW x LE/EF
What are the flaws of the HPI?
2 of 3 measures are based on highly aggregated data, which are heavily subjective and could be considered biased. Only life expectancy data considered fairly reliable
What is Sharia law?
The law of Islam - which covers a wide range of topics from public behaviour to private beliefs. Considered the most intrusive and strict of legal systems in the world - but used by a variety of rich and poor countries.
What should development today focus on?
- health
- life expectancy
- human rights
What are the means of delivering goals for development?
The main way to achieve improvements in health, life expectancy and human rights is via economic growth (frequently via the exploitation of natural resources)
Who was Rosling, what goals did he see as being significant for development?
Swedish academic
Saw improvements in environmental quality, health, life expectancy and human rights as the most significant goals for development
Why is education considered by some as central to economic development?
- a literate, numerate, enterprising and skilled workforce is precious human capital (vital to move along development pathway)
- education promises a better job and higher wages, and from this flows material benefits that raise quality of life
- better informed about hygiene, nutrition and health
- improves understanding and assertion of human rights
Why do rates of education vary between countries and genders?
- conflict/danger
- lack of trained teachers
- culture/religion
- periods
- child marriage
- child labour
What obstacles impede access to education?
- gender discrimination
- social class
- wealth
- ethnicity
- physical and mental disability
What is UNESCO and what has it achieved?
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
‘Ensures that every child, boy or girl, has access to quality education as a fundamental human right and prerequisite for human development’.
Done much to raise levels of literacy around the world.
What is the HDI, what indicators does it use?
Human development index - widely used measure to show state of global development
Indicators: life expectancy, education, economic growth/income
Why is the HDI a good measure?
- relies on statistical data collected frequently and widely at a national level
- can be used to track development progress over a year or number of years
What is the gender difference in life expectancy and how does this vary across the world?
In nearly all populations, female life expectancy is greater. The difference is greater in more developed countries, but in the least developed countries, the age differential is less. This is due to high rates of maternal mortality and HIV/AIDs
What are the 3 key measures of health?
- life expectancy
- number of doctors per 100,000 people
- % of population with regular access to essential drugs