Health, Human Rights And Intervention Flashcards
CASE STUDY: Aborigines in Australia
Make up 3% of Australia’s population, LE is 10 years shorter for both male and females, main cause of death is CVD which is 2X as high, type 2 diabetes is 3X more prevalent, 1/2 of welfare payments paid on card (‘basic card’), 66,000 spread across 70+ countries.
CASE STUDY: 2 QOL comparison, Democratic republic of Congo and Algeria
DROC: One of the poorest countries, a lot of conflict (6 million dead as a result) , Life expectancy = 59.62 , 40% of children under 5 suffer chronic malnutrition , 47% has unimproved water supply, mortality rates are worlds highest, 40% 5-14 forced to work.
Algeria: GDP increased 30% , 23% live below national poverty line, one of highest HDI in Africa, Life expectancy = 76.08, expected years of schooling increased by 4.5 years, 40% of pop is water stressed, 20% of rural pop lack safe access to healthcare, 20.1 per 1000 mortality rate.
CASE STUDY: Aleppo, life under siege
Hundreds of thousands fled city since Syria’s civil war reached Aleppo in 2012, whoever controls Aleppo controls most crucial supply route within Syria (not far from Turkish border), used to be economic hub + world heritage site, city contested with rebels, e.g. barrel bomb killed 11 children , ‘white helmets’ threatened (HR violations)
CASE STUDY: Sub-Saharan Africa (MDG’s)
Reduced poverty levels from 56% > 48% , greatest reduction is Gambia (32%), poverty reduced in 24 out of 30 countries, GDP 1.4% > 3.2% growth rate , 90% primary involvement , impressive reduction in child mortality (90 > 54 per 1000 births) , still wide gap in trade .
CASE STUDY: India vs China (Democratic vs Authoritarian)
INDIA: Democratic republic with parliament, corruption main reason for HR violations, worlds largest democracy, economy not performed as well as Chinese (e.g. gender > cheap labour)
HR Violations: caste based discrimination e.g. underclass/untouchables not recognised.
CHINA: one party rule, but increasingly involved in global economy, HR Violations: suppression of internet/media freedom, ‘worlds leading jailer of journalists, unfair trials, death penalty(3/4 of worlds executions) etc.
CASE STUDY: Denmark , freedom house, anti-corruption VS Somalia , corruption
DENMARK: ranked 1 in 175 CPI, freedom of expression, of movement etc., some restrictions on immigration and some scandals e.g. taxgate scandal
SOMALIA: The Shabaab (extremist) once controlled most of S Somalia, electoral process skewed, corruption rise e.g. UN report that 80% of withdrawals from Somalia’s central bank were made for private purposes, citizens have little influence on political decisions, media can be censored, SS = prison, military inhibit freedom of movement.
CASE STUDY: Ethnicity in Rwanda
Became German colony in 84, didn’t acknowledge 3 sub groups: Hutu (84%), Tutsi (15%) and Taw (1%) > Hutu struggled for supremacy (second class) by minority Tutsi > in 94 Hutu massacred 800,000 in 100 days > RPF rebel group of Tutsi refugees invaded the country.
CASE STUDY: Indigenous tribes of the Americas
Around 46/370 million live here, represent rich diversity of cultures etc., still face serious discrimination, also under threat from mining etc., driven off homeland into towns + cities , poorer + less educated , more likely to commit suicide , worse health , limited access to services , denied right/ don’t like city life.
CASE STUDY: Progress in Bolivia
35 different ethnic groups, over 60% indigenous (diverse), since 90’s strong move to improve rights, progress made but still marginalised, a lot live in extreme poverty, poorest country in SA (GDP per capita = $3150), gender equality even worse (50% victims of abuse), highest rate of maternal mortality in SA.
CASE STUDY: Women’s rights in Afghanistan
At times rules by various militant groups, prior to 79 soviet invasion women’s rights made some progress e.g. right to vote, purdah gone etc.
80’s: Taliban withdrew rights, Sharia law but own version e.g. banned from school, can’t leave house without male, skin in public etc.
Equality seems distant, despite American interventions.
