Health, Exercise and Fitness Flashcards
Identify and Define two main components of fitness that are required by a cricket player (3 marks)
One component of fitness would be muscular endurance which is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to undergo repeated contractions and withstand fatigue for an extended period of time. They need this because they have to play for a very long period of time and they have to be active a lot of the time. Another component of fitness would be power which is the combination of speed and strength. They need this because they have to hit the ball hard and fast to ensure that they hit the ball, so that they can run and score points
What do you understand by the term body composition? Explain why a gymnast’s body fat needs to be low? (2 marks)
The term body composition is the maximum of fat, bones etc. A gymnasts body fat needs to be low because they have to hold their own weight when doing a headstand for example.
Flexibility and Strength are important components of fitness for a gymnast. Using examples, explain where each is used in gymnastics. (2 marks)
Flexibility is used in gymnastics when the gymnast is doing cart wheels because they have to be fully extended. Strength is used when the gymnast has to support their own weight when doing the rings as they have to hold their upper body.
Using an example from volleyball, what do you understand about the term power? ( 2 marks)
Power is the combination of speed and strength and in volleyball it is important because the person who hits the ball has to hit it hard but they have to make sure it is at the right time when serving.
What do you understand about the term local muscular endurance? (2 marks)
The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to undergo repeated contractions without fatigue.
Using an example of your choice, explain the term agility. (2 marks)
The ability to move or change direction, e.g when in gymnastics having to move in different directions in a routine.
Identify and define two main components of fitness that are required by a javelin thrower (3 marks)
One component of fitness would be balance when the person is throwing the javelin because they have to maintain the bodys centre of mass over the base support. Another component of fitness would be power as they need speed when running up to the throw and they need strength when throwing the javelin as the muscle needs to be prepared for repeated contractions.
Many people participate in a physical activity to maintain their health and to improve their fitness.
a) Give an appropriate definition for each of these terms. (2 marks)
b) Give two reasons why it is possible that a person may be considered to be fit but not healthy. (4 marks)
a) Health is the physical, mental and social well being and not just the absence of illness. Fitness is the ability of your body to cope with the demands of everyday life and still have enough energy left for emergencies.
b) They could be fit but not healthy through the decisions of lifestyle choices such as diet, smoking, drugs etc. Additionally they could be fit through training or a demanding job.
Power may be considered to be a major fitness component required by gymnasts.
a) What do you understand by the term power? (2 marks)
b) Name and describe two other components of fitness that you consider to be important for gymnast (4 marks)
a) Power is the combination of speed and strength and to overcome the resistance rapidly and prepare the muscle quickly for contraction. For example when the gymnast is coming off of the volts.
b) Flexibility is the range of movement at a joint, and they could need this because hip movements when doing cartwheels need to be very specific. Additionally balance is when the body’s centre of mass over the base support is maintained and this could be when doing headstands as it is important to ensure the shape is held.
Define three components of skill-related fitness components that has been used in a period of play when the defender has to sprint for the ball, stop and then change direction to mark another attacker, then the attacker moves towards the goal and the defender has to stretch to win the ball, and say when it was used. (6 marks)
Strength is the maximum rate of movement and this was used when the player had to “sprint for the ball” over a set distance.
Agility is when the player can change direction without loss of speed and this was used when the defender had to “stop and change direction to mark another attacker”.
Flexibility is the movement at a joint and this is when the player has to “stretch to win the ball”.
The choices we make about our lifestyle can have negative effects upon our health and fitness. State 3 lifestyle choices that can have an effect upon our health and fitness (3 marks)
1) Diet
2) Alcohol
3) Smoking
Explain how different lifestyle choices can positively affect a game players stamina ( 4 marks)
Positive:
- exercise strengthens the heart
- not smoking increases your lung capacity
Negative:
- Smoking damages the lungs so lung capacity decreases
- lack of exercise reduces fitness
In order to play netball, effectively performers need to be fit. What do you understand about the term fitness? (1 mark)
The ability for your body to cope with the demands of everyday life and have enough energy incase of emergencies.
Discuss whether you must be healthy to be fit? (2 marks)
No because you an be fit but not healthy, and healthy and not fit.
Weightlifting requires different types of strength. Name and describe the different types of strength used when weightlifting (2 marks)
Power is the combination of strength and speed and this is needed when the individual lifts up the weight (clean). Maximum strength is the maximum force that can be developed in a muscle or group of muscles, and this is needed when the lifter, lifts it above his head, which is called the jerk.
