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Pharmaceutical Care FINAL > Health Equity > Flashcards

Health Equity Flashcards

1
Q

define health equity

A

the attainment of the highest health for ALL PEOPLE. no one is disadvantaged from attaining the highest level of health because of “social position or other socially determined circumstances”

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2
Q

define health inequity

A

differences in health outcomes, ROOTED IN STRUCTURAL AND SOCIAL inequities that ARE AVOIDABLE, unfair, and unjust

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3
Q

“the metrics we use to measure progress towards achieving health equity”

A

health disparities

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4
Q

name the determinants of health and which is the largest “chunk of the pie”

A

social and economic factors — 40%
health behaviors
clinical care
physical environment
genes and biology

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5
Q

true or false

deaths due to low education in 2000 were higher than those from acute myocarditis

A

true

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6
Q

what could be a POSITIVE social determinant of health

A

community and social context – support systems

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7
Q

what are health outcomes evaluated in determining health inequity

A

mortality
morbidity
life expectancy
health care expenditures
health status
functional limitations

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8
Q

which determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities?

A

SOCIAL

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9
Q

the STRUCTURAL ROOTS of health inequities lie within what systems?

how can it be changed?

A

education
taxing
labor and housing markets
urban planning
gov regulation
health care systems

no direct personal control – individuals cant do anything

only can be altered through social and economic policies and processes

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10
Q

if 1 neighborhood has no park and is in a poor neighboorhood, and there is a different neighborhood that is wealthy with a park but they want to expand, what should you do with your money

A

give more to poor neighborhood

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11
Q

socioeconomic factors affects the largest population in regards to health, and….

A

individuals cant do anything about it – only government

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12
Q

unequal access to opportunities

A

inequality

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13
Q

custom tools that identify and address inequality

A

equity

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14
Q

is evenly distributed tools and assistance considered equality?

A

no —– also need access to both tools and opportunities

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15
Q

fixing the system to offer equal access to both tools AND opportunities

A

justice

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16
Q

when policies, practices, and systems within institutions create and sustain racialized outcomes either intentionally or unintentionally

A

institutional racism

17
Q

racial equity is both a ____ and a _____

A

outcome and a process

18
Q

we achieve racial equity when……

A

race no longer determines outcomes

19
Q

when do we apply racial equity?

A

when those most impacted by racism are involved in the decisions that impact their lives – not determined by race

20
Q

INTERSECTIONALITY refers to a view of….

A

seeing different forms of inequalities and how they can work together to exacerbate (make worse) each other

21
Q

give an example of intersectionality

A

inequalities based on race, sexuality, gender, class, etc can simultaneously affect an individual

22
Q

“occurs underneath, all around, and across institutions AND society”

A

structural racism

23
Q

“cumulative and compounded effects of factors that systemically privilege white people and disadvantage people of color”

A

structural racism

24
Q

name 4 reasons why we ended up in structural racism

A

historical legacies
policies and practices
implicit/explicit biases
hoarding resources

25
Q

what is a key indicator of the health and well being of a society?

A

maternal mortality

26
Q

true or false

maternal mortality is an ongoing problem in the US

A

true

US has highest rates

27
Q

_____to____% of pregnancy related deaths in the US can be prevented

A

66-80%

28
Q

what are the 3 measures used to describe maternal deaths in the US

A

pregnancy associated mortality
pregnancy related mortality
maternal mortality

29
Q

explain pregnancy associated mortality

A

deaths during pregnancy and up to a year after, REGARDLESS of cause

30
Q

explain pregnancy-related mortality

A

deaths during pregnancy and up to a year after, RELATED to pregnancy and its effects

31
Q

explain maternal mortality

A

death during or within the last 42 days of pregnancy, from ANY CAUSE RELATED TO PREGANCY OR ITS MANAGEMENT

32
Q

Which population has the highest maternal mortality rates

A

non-hispanic black women

33
Q

true or false

the maternal mortality rates have increased every year since 2018-2020 for ALL RACES

A

true

34
Q

what age group has the highest maternal mortality rates

A

women 40 and older

35
Q

what are the 3 most common causes of maternal death in black women as compared to non-black women

A

cardiomyopathy, thrombotic pulmonary embolism, hypertensive disorders

36
Q

disparities exist due to what 4 issues

A

structural racism
implicit bias
underlying chronic conditions (more likely in certain populations)
variations in healthcare quality

37
Q

true or false

there is a smaller % of OB-GYNS and specialized nurses who are black

A

true

38
Q

ppl typically view health disparities through 3 dominant frames:

A
  1. personal responsibility – “not my fault”
  2. unfortunate but not unjust
  3. nothing can be done

people need to CHALLENGE THEIR OWN ASSUMPTIONS

39
Q

5 link

A

didnt do

Pharmaceutical Care FINAL (6 decks)

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