Health Disparities and the Impact of Bias and Stereotyping

Question 1

What is the goal of healthy people 2030?

Answer 1

Achieving full potential for health and well-being across an entire lifespan

Question 1

What does wellness include?

Answer 1

Physical, social, and mental health

Question 2

What are the 8 core areas of Healthy People 2030?

Answer 2

Well-being
Life expectancy at birth - free of activity limitation (reduction in ability to do things)

Question 3

At what age do people typically have activity limitation?

Answer 3

Around 67, with males the youngest

Blacks youngest age of activity limitation
Latinos oldest age of activity limitation

85.9% free of disability 91% good or better health

Question 4

What comes first, disability or activity limitation?

Answer 4

Disability - which leads to activity limitation later in life

Question 5

What age do people think they are in good or better heatlh compared to others of their same demographics?

Answer 5

Older than activity limitation

70 on average
Highest in whites (71), lowest in AA (63.4)

disability is at 65

Question 6

What is the life expectancy of the average US citizen? Males? Females?

Answer 6

79 years
with males lower and females higher

Blacks lowest, hispanics highest

Question 7

What are Leading Health Indicators?

Answer 7

Things that determine health that you have control over

Dentist visits, alcohol use, tobacco use, etc

Question 8

What are the six determinants of health and some examples.

Answer 8

1. Social determinants (money, exposure to crime, access to healthcare, education, internet access)
2. Physical determinants (exposure to toxins, physical hazards)
3. Personal behavior (diet, physical activity, caffeine use, vaccine status, sunscreen, hand washing)
4. Biology and genetics (age, sex, HIV status)
5. Policies and Laws (no-smoking policies, drug screenings, Affordable Care Act)
6. Health services

Question 9

What are health disparities? What are the biggest disparities?

Answer 9

Difference in the incidence of diseases based on population groups.

MC: CVD, DM, Cancer

Question 10

What is the Medicare bill?

Answer 10

If hospitals want federally insured money, they could not discriminate based on race.

This led to >95% of people agreeing

Question 11

What health disparities still exist today?

Answer 11

Racial and ethnic minorities
Lower education patients
Rural/urban patients

Even when controlling for barriers

Question 12

What ethnic group has the highest infant mortality?

Answer 12

AA

Question 13

What patients are more likely to get colonoscopies?

Answer 13

If they have insurance

Question 14

What is an important factor for whether or not someone can afford medical care?

Answer 14

Insurance

Question 15

Who are more likely to be uninsured?

Answer 15

Those that under poverty level, younger people.

Whites are the most likely to be insured

Question 16

Do you get better health care if public insurance or private?

Answer 16

Private is the the best d/t more options

Question 17

Who has the best communication with providers?

Answer 17

High income
White patients

Question 18

What are the most vulnerable populations?

Answer 18

Immigrants and Refugees
4% of US households are in “linguistic isolation”
Poverty-Stricken
LGBTQ+
Women
Children
Elderly
Rural
Racial/Ethnic Minority
Unhoused
Disabled

More likely to have negative determinants of health

Question 19

What causes disparities?

Answer 19

Patient factors
Clinical encounter (provider bias)
Health care systems and laws (lack of interpretation, complexity of HC system)

Question 20

What are some health care interventions we can do to reduce health disparities?

Answer 20

Collect data
Cross-cultural education

Question 21

What are stereotypes? What can they lead to?

Answer 21

Generalizing people of a group with the belief that they will act the same
Can be good or bad and feed into our biases and we can treat them differently

Learned from family, media, helps us understand and predict the social world, and can sometimes be helpful or harmful.

Can lead into an us vs them