Health Disparities and the Impact of Bias and Stereotyping Flashcards
What is the goal of healthy people 2030?
Achieving full potential for health and well-being across an entire lifespan
What does wellness include?
Physical, social, and mental health
What are the 8 core areas of Healthy People 2030?
Well-being
Life expectancy at birth - free of activity limitation (reduction in ability to do things)
At what age do people typically have activity limitation?
Around 67, with males the youngest
Blacks youngest age of activity limitation
Latinos oldest age of activity limitation
85.9% free of disability 91% good or better health
What comes first, disability or activity limitation?
Disability - which leads to activity limitation later in life
What age do people think they are in good or better heatlh compared to others of their same demographics?
Older than activity limitation
70 on average
Highest in whites (71), lowest in AA (63.4)
disability is at 65
What is the life expectancy of the average US citizen? Males? Females?
79 years
with males lower and females higher
Blacks lowest, hispanics highest
What are Leading Health Indicators?
Things that determine health that you have control over
Dentist visits, alcohol use, tobacco use, etc
What are the six determinants of health and some examples.
- Social determinants (money, exposure to crime, access to healthcare, education, internet access)
- Physical determinants (exposure to toxins, physical hazards)
- Personal behavior (diet, physical activity, caffeine use, vaccine status, sunscreen, hand washing)
- Biology and genetics (age, sex, HIV status)
- Policies and Laws (no-smoking policies, drug screenings, Affordable Care Act)
- Health services
What are health disparities? What are the biggest disparities?
Difference in the incidence of diseases based on population groups.
MC: CVD, DM, Cancer
What is the Medicare bill?
If hospitals want federally insured money, they could not discriminate based on race.
This led to >95% of people agreeing
What health disparities still exist today?
Racial and ethnic minorities
Lower education patients
Rural/urban patients
Even when controlling for barriers
What ethnic group has the highest infant mortality?
AA
What patients are more likely to get colonoscopies?
If they have insurance
What is an important factor for whether or not someone can afford medical care?
Insurance
Who are more likely to be uninsured?
Those that under poverty level, younger people.
Whites are the most likely to be insured
Do you get better health care if public insurance or private?
Private is the the best d/t more options
Who has the best communication with providers?
High income
White patients
What are the most vulnerable populations?
Immigrants and Refugees
4% of US households are in “linguistic isolation”
Poverty-Stricken
LGBTQ+
Women
Children
Elderly
Rural
Racial/Ethnic Minority
Unhoused
Disabled
More likely to have negative determinants of health
What causes disparities?
Patient factors
Clinical encounter (provider bias)
Health care systems and laws (lack of interpretation, complexity of HC system)
What are some health care interventions we can do to reduce health disparities?
Collect data
Cross-cultural education
What are stereotypes? What can they lead to?
Generalizing people of a group with the belief that they will act the same
Can be good or bad and feed into our biases and we can treat them differently
Learned from family, media, helps us understand and predict the social world, and can sometimes be helpful or harmful.
Can lead into an us vs them
