health, disease and the development of medicine Flashcards
name one organ that is affected by drinking too much alcohol
liver
give 2 risk factors for obesity
cardiovascular disease
diabetes
what causes malnutrition
having a diet with too many or too few nutrients
T or F? antibiotics are used to treat viruses
false antibiotics only work on bacteria
what does it mean when patients are given a placebo
a substance that looks like a real drug but doesn’t do anything
give one reason why a drug is tested on healthy volunteers during clinical testing
to make sure the drug has no harmful side effects when the body is working normally
immunisation involves injecting pathogens into the body. why don’t these pathogens cause disease?
the pathogens are dead or inactive
what are memory lymphocytes
type of white blood cell produced in response to the antigens of pathogens
what chemical that killls bacteria is found in tears
lysozyme
which proteins on the surface of pathogens trigger an immune response
antigens
what is the role of the skin in protecting the body from pathogens
physical barrier
prevents from entering body
how does the stomach help to defend against pathogens
produces hydrochloric acid which kills most pathogens
how to cells in the trachea and bronchi protect the airway
produce mucus
have cilia which moves mucus up to back of throat
describe the role of antibodies in the immune systems response to a pathogen
antibodies bind to the pathogen so it can be found and destroyed by white blood cells
T or F? chlamydia is caused by bacterium
true
which disease is eventually caused by HIV
AIDS
what cells in the body are killed by HIV
white blood cells
which type of pathogen causes malaria
protist
give an effect that tuberculosis has on the body
coughing
lung damage
what would an ash tree infected with chalara ash dieback look like
loss of leaves
lesions on its bark
T or F?
communicable diseases can be spread between people
true
give two examples of non communicable diseases
cancer
heart disease
name a pathogen other than bacteria, viruses and fungi
protists
what are pathogens
organisms that cause communicable diseases
what is the equation used to calculate BMI
BMI= mass(kg)/(height(m))
(height is squared)
what are antihypertensitives
drugs that reduce blood pressure
why does a patient need to take drugs after being given a doner heart
to stop the body from rejecting the heart
what is a stent?
a tube inserted inside an artery
how do stents reduce the risk of heart attacks
keep the arteries open making sure blood can pass through
