Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Health & Disease > Flashcards

Health & Disease Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Explain what a pathogen is

A

Microorganism that causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe some physical barriers that protect the body from infection.

A

Skin, hairs in nose and throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are memory lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes that produce a certain type of antibody that remain in the blood after infection. If the same type of pathogen enters your body again the memory lymphocytes cause a fast secondary response that stop you from becoming ill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the MMR vaccine vaccinate against?

A

Measles mumps and rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain what a non-communicable disease is and give an example.

A

A disease that cannot be spread from person to person eg, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, genetic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is physical wellbeing?

A

Being free from disease, eating and sleeping well, getting regular physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain how smoking can cause cardiovascular disease.

A

Harmful substances are absorbed in to the blood and can damage blood vessels, increase blood pressure, and make blood vessels narrower. These can lead to cardiovascular disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is the flu classed as a communicable disease?

A

Because it can be spread from person to person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What pathogen causes Chalara dieback?

A

Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain how you can reduce the spread of malaria.

A

By reducing the number of mosquitos, use mosquito nets, remove stagnant water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is social wellbeing?

A

How well you get on with other people and how your surroundings affect you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how antibiotics work

A

Kill bacteria or inhibit their cell processes which stops them from growing or reproducing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is mental wellbeing?

A

How you feel about yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do we need iron in our diet?

A

Iron is needed for haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a vector?

A

An organism that carries a pathogen from one person to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What pathogen causes Malaria?

A

Protist

17
Q

What is the major problem with using antibiotics?

A

Bacteria build up resistance to antibiotics so they are no longer harmed.

18
Q

Describe these stages of drug development. 1. Preclinical testing Shows how

A
  1. Preclinical testing Shows how the medicine can get into cells and have the required effects.
19
Q

Describe these stages of drug development. 2. Clinical testing Medicine is

A
  1. Clinical testing Medicine is tested on animals to see how it works in a whole body. Then human clinical trails.
20
Q

What pathogen causes cholera?

A

Bacteria

21
Q

What are the molecules on the outer surfaces of pathogens called? Antigens

A

Antigens

22
Q

How is HIV and Chlamydia spread and how could you avoid catching them?

A

Through sexual intercourse, use a condom.

23
Q

Explain the relationship between BMI and cardiovascular disease.

A

A very high BMI can lead to cardiovascular disease. The more fat you have the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease.

24
Q

Draw a diagram to explain how immunization works. (4)

A
  1. A weakened version of the pathogen is identified or genetically modified 2. This is given to the person usually by injection 3. There is an immune response where the white blood cells notice the antigens on the pathogens 4. Lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogen 5. Some of these lymphocytes remain in the blood as memory cells
25
Q

How does a heart bypass work?

A

A blood vessel is attached to bypass a blockage in another blood vessel to allow oxygen to reach the blocked off organ.

26
Q

What pathogen causes TB and what are the symptoms of TB?

A

Bacterium, infects and damages lungs resulting in blood-specked mucus, fever and weight loss

27
Q

Describe some chemical barriers that prevent infection.

A

Stomach acid, Mucus & Lysosomes in tears

28
Q

What type of drugs are used to treat HIV?

A

Antiretroviral drugs

29
Q

Explain the viral reproduction (4)

A

Viruses invade host cells (1) The virus particle inserts its own DNA into the host cell’s DNA, which is then copied and used to make more viruses (1) Once the new virus particles have been made, they cause the cell to burst, releasing the new viruses to invade more cells (1) The cell damage makes us feel ill (1)

30
Q

How do HIV and AIDS differ? (2 reasons)

A
  • AIDS is caused by HIV
  • AIDS is the name given to life-threatening infections that can occur when a person’s immune system has been badly damaged by HIV
31
Q

What is Bacteria?

A

Bacteria are small living cells that either damage cells directly or by producing toxins.

32
Q

3 Bacteria diseases (3)

A
  • Stomach Ulcers
  • Tuberculosis
  • Chloera
33
Q

Ideal conditions for bacteria to reproduce (3)

A
  • Warm
  • Good supply of oxygen
  • Moist
34
Q

What is Fungi

A

Fungi are unicellular or multicellular organisms that each have bodies made up of hyphae

35
Q

Give and explain a fungal disease (3)

A

Chalara ash dieback disease:
•The spores of this fungus can spread over long distances in the wind
•It caused leaf loss and lesions (ulcers) on the bark of the Ash trees and can kill the trees

36
Q

What is a protist?

A

Protists are single-called eukaryotic organisms. (Most protists are parasites)

37
Q

Examples of how to prevent infection spread (5 points)

A
  • Isolation
  • Hygiene
  • Identifying infection
  • Vaccination
  • Decrease Vectors
38
Q

How are vaccinations given and how do they give immunity? (5)

A

A dead or inactive form of a pathogen is injected into the blood (1) White blood cells recognise that the antigens are foreign and produce antibodies against them (1) Some of the white blood cells remain in the blood as memory cells (1) If the same pathogen invades the body again, the memory cells recognise the pathogen and can produce more antibodies more quickly (1) The pathogen is destroyed by the immune system before it can cause illness. (1)

Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions