Health Determinants, Equity

Question 1

What are the main determinants of health?

Answer 1

1) Genetics
2) Environment (Physical/Socioeconomic)
3) Lifestyle
4) Healthcare Access

Question 2

Define each prevention type and example?

Answer 2

1) Primary: Preventing the disease before it starts e.g. Vaccine
2) Secondary: Identifying disease at earliest start e.g. Screening
3) Tertiary: Reducing impact disease will have and managing it e.g. Diabetes Management

Question 3

Define Equity and Equality

Answer 3

Equity: What is fair and just (Judgement)
Equality: Equal shares (Measure)

Question 4

Describe the types of equity

Answer 4

Horizontal: Equal treatment for equal need e.g. All individuals with X should be equally treated
Vertical: Unequal treatment for unequal need e.g. Cold vs Pneumonia and Greater need = higher expenditure

Question 5

What are different forms of health equity?

Answer 5

Equal need via:
Equal expenditure, access, utilisation, outcome

Question 6

What factors affect equity?

Answer 6

1) Spatial e.g. Geographical
2) Social e.g. age, gender, class, ethnicity

Question 7

What are the 3 domains of public health practice?

Answer 7

1) Health Improvement
2) Health Protection
3) Health Care/Promotion

Question 8

What is an example of each domain?

Answer 8

1) Service improvement of high quality and delivery of healthcare services
2) Put measures in place to control disease e.g. Pandemic
3) Promoting intervention e.g. Screening, Tests

Question 9

What are the 3 levels of public health intervention?

Answer 9

1) Population
2) Community
3) Ecological/Population

Question 10

Give 3 examples of population level interventions.

Answer 10

1) PH campaigns e.g. Change4Life, Movember.
2) Screening e.g. cervical smear.
3) Immunisations e.g. MMR.