Health Communication Flashcards
Shared understanding of a meaning
Communication
Health communication
The way we seek, inform, influence, process and share health information
Theories of medicine
Biomedical and biopsychosocial model
In this model the body = machine
Biomedical
Pros of biomedical model
Efficient
Definite
Cons of biomedical model
Marginalized feelings
It states that physical health is influenced by thoughts and emotions
Biopsychosocial model
Unique factors with doctor patient communication
Power difference
Transactional communication
Approaches in health communication
Physician centered
Patient centered
Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication
He does most of the talking
Time constraints
Blocking
Patronizing behavior
Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication element: time constraints
Short questions
Lots of patients
Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication element:blocking
Steering away from complaints and emotional support
Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication element: patronizing behavior
Power inequality
Withholding info
Treat patients as inferior
Pros of physician centered approach
Efficient in short run
Doctors hugely engaged
Cons of physician centered approach
Risk of burnout in long run
, promotes passive attitude towards health from patients
Approach in which doctor and patient see each other as peers
Patient centered approach
CSA
Clinical skills assessment, test for doctor’s proficiency at patient centered care
Characteristics of medical disclosure
Dyadic
Interdependent
Emotionally charged
Tension between privacy and desire to be know
Factors related to withholding info (patients)
Concern about confidentiality Uninviting doctor Cultural difference Personal issues Perceived social stigma
Factors related to withholding info (doctor)
Social status (higher get more info) Paternalism
Reasons to refuse prognosis knowledge
Cultural influence
Personality traits
Coping styles
Blunting
Monitoring
Blunting coping style
Try to distract and shut off. Prefer uncertainty
Monitoring coping style
Info seeker, planners
Theories of uncertainty
Reduction
Management
Reduction theory of uncertainty
Reduced uncertainty leads to relieved anxiety
Management theory of uncertainty
Sometimes we want to maintain or increase uncertainty
Most difficult topics to discuss for doctors
End of active treatment, begging of palliative
Recurrence
No resucitate
Most difficult task to do for doctors
Being honest but hopeful
Deal with emotions
Spending the right amount of time
Benefits of doctors process of socialization
Status
Money
Satisfaction
Cons of doctors process of socialization
Burnout Frustration Overwhelmed by responsibility Long hours Guilt Feeling ill prepared
What is body work
Viewing and touching a patient’s body parts
Patients goal at a doctors appointment
Avoid pain
Secure good impression of the doctor
Help make decisions
Patients dilemma
Between wanting to ask questions and avoid being annoying
What is voice of medicine
Doctor speech
Voice of life world
Patient speech
Characteristics of voice of life world
Situated illness in everyday context
Experimental
Diffuse
Characteristics of voice of medicine
Based on tests
Empirical evidence
Scientific
Specific
Patients expectations
Respect of time Convenience Respect Sense of control Warmth Professionalism
Reasons of non adherence to medical advice
Difficult recomendations
Distrust of diagnosis
Denial
Why would doctors recomendations would be hard to follow?
Financial reasons
Physical reason
Why would a patient distrust the diagnosis?
Diagnosis doesn’t fully describe symptoms
Why would a patient be in denial of a diagnosis?
Threat to self image
Too shocking
Reasons for stopping medical routine prematurely
Symptoms go away
Do not see any improvement
3 characteristics of Informed consent
Full awareness
Ability to understand
Know that they can refuse treatment at any time
Process of managing stressful situations
Coping
Coping involves 2 things, which are…
Problem solving
Emotional adjustment
Types of social support
Action facilitating
Nuturring
Types of action facilitating social support
Instrumental
Informational
Types of nuturing social support
Esteem
Emotional
What involves instrumental social support?
Tangible help
Financial
What involves informational social support?
Personal experience
Internet search
What involves esteem social support?
Feeling valued and respected
What involves emotional social support?
Acknowledging feelings
Don’t try to constantly cheer up
Characteristics of social support group
Mutual aid
Single problem shared
Regular meetings
Types of social support groups
Life changes
Health issues
Addiction
Processes of social support groups
Installation of hope Boost of personal competence Normalization of situation Emotional ventilator Uncertainty management
Benefits of end of life communication
Accepting diagnosis
Better health choices
Peace of mind
What are advance care directives?
Memo describing medical care and end of life preferences
What are patient surrogates?
People who take desicions when the patient can no longer do it
Characteristics of physician assisted suicide
The patient kills itself
Only for terminally ill
Why is media connected to health?
Omnipresence of health messages on mass media
Dimentions of media effects on health
Level of influence
Intention
Outcome
Levels of influence of mass media on health
Personal
Public
Intentions of mass media on health
Intended
Unintended
Outcomes of mass media on health
Positive
Negative
What is agenda setting theory?
Over or under reporting an issue on a different level than it’s real importance
Topics unlikely to get media attention
Old isuues
Chronic
Minority affected
Overreported topics characteristics
Attention grabbing
High sensation value
Killing many quickly
3rd person effect
People Believe others to be more vulnerable to media than themselves
Optimistic bias
Thinking that your chance of a negative outcome is lower than average
What is direct to consumer advertising?
Advertising of prescription drugs to the public
Advantages of direct to consumer advertising
Provides options
Market competition
DisAdvantages of direct to consumer advertising
Increased price
Price heuristic
Over optimistic idea of effects
What is the magic window effect on children?
Thinking that everything on TV is real
What is adult discount?
Adult skepticism over ads
Effects of medical dramas
Perpetuates myths about organ donation and doctor’s capabilities
