Health comm 2 Flashcards
1
Q
when did reality TV start?
A
2000’s
2
Q
3 characteristics of reality TV
A
cost effective, unscripted, non celebrity
3
Q
it has greater effects on perceptions and beliefs than soap operas
A
reality TV
4
Q
lowering of women’s body satisfaction
A
body dysmorphia
5
Q
body dysmorphya leads to:
A
cosmetic enhancement and eating disorders
6
Q
theories to predict effects of reality TV
A
cultivation, social comparison, social cognitive
7
Q
accumulation of exposure leads to acceptance of portrayed beliefs belongs to which theory?
A
cultivation theory
8
Q
comparing and making judgements belongs to which theory?
A
social comparison
9
Q
we learn from watching others and replicate rewarded behaviour belongs to which theory?
A
social cognitive
10
Q
which is the most accurate theory to predict the effects of reality TV
A
social cognitive
11
Q
“watching a minority group leads to less predjudice against them”
A
parasocial contact hypothesis
12
Q
deceptive health patterns on TV
A
no excersice, unhealthy eating habits, violence doing little harm, no common health issues
13
Q
HBM stands for…
A
health belief model
14
Q
tried to explain the failure of health campaigns in the 50’s
A
HBM
15
Q
HBM is part of which theory?
A
value expentancy theory
16
Q
it is used to guide health campaign design
A
HBM
17
Q
elements of value expentancy theory that predict behaviour
A
value or impact of an outcome + probability
18
Q
HBM constructs
A
susceptibility severity benefits barriers self efficacy cues to action
19
Q
elements of perception of threat
A
suceptibility
severity
20
Q
elements of recommended action
A
benefits
barriers
21
Q
perception of threat + recommended action =
A
cost benefit analysis
22
Q
lielihood of being affected by a health issue
A
suceptibility
23
Q
how bad would it be if something happened?
A
severity
24
Q
beliefs that recommended actions will have positive health impacts
A
percieved benefits
25
types of perceived benefits
health
financial
social
26
belief that recommended action brings negative consequences
barriers
27
types of barriers
physiological
time
financial
28
self confidence in one's own ability to perform the recommended behaviour
self efficacy
29
ways self efficacy develops
mastery experience
vicarious experience/social modeling
verbal persuation
improving physical/emotional state
30
what is mastery experience?
experience of being succesful
31
what is vicarious experience?
learn from watching other people.
32
requisite for vicarious experience to work
identify with the model
33
triggers that make people start a behaviour once they are phsicologycaly ready
cues to action
34
types of cues to action
internal cues
| environmental
35
types of environmental cues to action
media
social comparison
external promotion
36
criticism of HBM
not enough variables
| doest specify relationship between variables
37
instinctive need to share emotionally-charged events
social sharing of emotion
38
most shared content on social media
humor
| emotion evoking
39
prochaska and diclemente wrote which theory?
trans theoretical model
40
TTM was primarily thought of as...
helping to quit smoking
41
integrated 300 theories into 1 regarding change
trans theoretical model
42
TTM asumptions
no single theory can explain behaviour change
change takes time and stages
messages become effective depending on the stage
43
stages of change according to TTM
```
precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
```
44
extra stage of change
termination
45
characteristics of precontemplation
6 months before action
aware/unaware of problem
thinks change is not important tried and failed
46
action tendency of precontemplation
avoid it, resistant to change
47
characteristics of contemplation
will change behaviour within 6 months
thining about it
weighting pros & cons
48
characteristics of preparation
plan making
| action within 1 month
49
action tendency of preparation
seek information
| plan action
50
action stage characteristics
behaviour change for less than 6 months
51
maintentace characteristics
6+ months
| focus on preventing relapse
52
process of going to a previous step
relapse
53
stage with 0 temptation to relapse
termination
54
what is the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion?
Emotions arise due to cognitive appraisal of the environment
55
what is compassion?
understanding + willingness to help
56
difference between compassion and sympathy?
sympathy doest involve willingness to help
57
most effective emotion for ads
moderate guilt
58
emotion created by the offence against status quo
guilt
59
emotion created by the offence against a personal standard
shame
60
processes that help people go from precontemplation to contemplation
consiousness raising
environmental reevaluation
self reevaluation
61
what involves consiousness raising?
awareness of causes, consequences and cures of a diseases
62
what involves social reevaluation?
considering how behaviour affects others
becoming a role model
family intervention
63
what involves self reevaluation?
bahaviour change is an important part of one's identity
64
processes that help people go from contemplation to action
self liberation
| social liberation
65
what is self liberation?
making a public commitment to change
66
what is social liberation?
realizing social norms are changing toward supporting a behaviour
67
processes that help people go from action to maintenance
counterconditioning
stimulus control
contingency management
helping relationships
68
what is counterconditioning when getting into the maintenance stage of a new habit??
learning healthier alternatives to behaviour and thoughts
69
what involves stimulus control when getting into the maintenance stage of a new habit?
removing triggers
70
what involves contingency management when getting into the maintenance stage of a new habit?
rewards or punishments
71
idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or unit
innovation
72
process by which info is communicated
difussion
73
disemination
systematic effort to diffuse info
74
types of difussion
passive
| active
75
factors that ease difussion
```
compatibility
apparent advantage
complexity
observability
triability
```
76
what happens when an innovation is not completely compatible?
reinvention
77
theory by rogers
type of customers
78
characteristics of the categories of customers (5)
```
only for succesful innovations
mutually exclusive
exhaustive
innovation specific
social system specific
```
79
characteristics of innovators (4)
risk takers
rich
social
networked with creators
80
characteristics of early adopters (5)
```
opinion leaders
young
high social status
rich
educated
```
81
characteristics of early majority (3)
deliberate
avobe average social status
not opinion leaders
82
characteristics of late majority (4)
risk averse
peer pressured
below avergage social status
no money
83
characteristics of laggards (4)
aversion to peer pressure
traditional
antisocial
low social status
84
how are the campaign for innovators?
highlight newness
85
how are the campaign for early majority?
highlight pros and provide reasurance
86
how are the campaign for late majority?
emphasize popularity
| benefits evidence
87
how are the campaign for laggards?
emphasize compatibility with tradition
not show persuasive intent
narrative presuasion
88
core target customer categories of a health campaign
late majority and laggards
89
author of trans theoretical model?
prochaska & diclemente
90
example of an innovation taking a long time to diffuse
vitaminc C and scurvy
91
steps on the difussion process (6)
```
innovation development
dissemination
adoption
implementation
maintenance
institutionalization
```
92
3 Types of knowledge that influence adoption of an innovation
awareness knowledge
procedural knowledge
principles knowledge
93
what is awareness knowledge?
awareness of existance
94
what is procedural knowledge?
know how to use an innovation
95
what is principles knowledge?
know how it works
96
primary motivational system for human beings
emotion
97
discrete emotions theory
Fundamental ten core emotions human beings experience
98
core emotions
```
sadness
happiness
anger
shame
guilt
disgust
contempt
compassion
hope
surprise
envy
```
99
what does the discrete emotional theory mean by discrete?
each emotion is separate, unconnected and distinct
100
who is the author of the cognitive appraisal of emotios theory?
lazarus
101
The person-environment relationship is called
core relational theme
102
Arise from a situation that are different from what we “want” (our goals)
goal incongruent emotions
103
list of goal incongruent emotions
```
shame
guilt
anger
fear
sadness
disgust
envy
```
104
anger core relational theme
offense against me and mine
105
action tendency of anger
attack
106
fear core reational theme
Facing an immediate, concrete, and overwhelming (physical) danger or threat to well-being
107
action tendency of fear
avoid, escape
108
sadness core relational theme
Having experienced irrevocable loss
109
sadness action tendency
inaction and withdrawal
110
emotion that is learned during childhood
guilt
111
“Having transgressed a (socially constructed, learned) moral imperative, the internalized values about right and wrong
guilt core relational theme
112
guilt action tendency
compensate
seek punishment
deny control
113
source of ego-ideal
parents
114
shame action tendency
hide the action
| try to not do it again
115
"Taking in or being too close to an indigestible object or idea (metaphorically speaking"
discust core relational theme
116
disgust action tendency
avoidance
117
envy core relational theme
“Wanting what someone else has”
118
envy action tendency
try to get the possesion
| attack
119
happiness core relational theme
“Making reasonable progress toward the realization of a goal”
120
action tendency of happiness
share
121
hope core relational theme
Having a positive outlook in negative condition
122
hope action tendency
remain inspired, action
123
Instinctive human need to share emotionally-charged events
social sharing of emotion
