Health comm 2 Flashcards
when did reality TV start?
2000’s
3 characteristics of reality TV
cost effective, unscripted, non celebrity
it has greater effects on perceptions and beliefs than soap operas
reality TV
lowering of women’s body satisfaction
body dysmorphia
body dysmorphya leads to:
cosmetic enhancement and eating disorders
theories to predict effects of reality TV
cultivation, social comparison, social cognitive
accumulation of exposure leads to acceptance of portrayed beliefs belongs to which theory?
cultivation theory
comparing and making judgements belongs to which theory?
social comparison
we learn from watching others and replicate rewarded behaviour belongs to which theory?
social cognitive
which is the most accurate theory to predict the effects of reality TV
social cognitive
“watching a minority group leads to less predjudice against them”
parasocial contact hypothesis
deceptive health patterns on TV
no excersice, unhealthy eating habits, violence doing little harm, no common health issues
HBM stands for…
health belief model
tried to explain the failure of health campaigns in the 50’s
HBM
HBM is part of which theory?
value expentancy theory
it is used to guide health campaign design
HBM
elements of value expentancy theory that predict behaviour
value or impact of an outcome + probability
HBM constructs
susceptibility severity benefits barriers self efficacy cues to action
elements of perception of threat
suceptibility
severity
elements of recommended action
benefits
barriers
perception of threat + recommended action =
cost benefit analysis
lielihood of being affected by a health issue
suceptibility
how bad would it be if something happened?
severity
beliefs that recommended actions will have positive health impacts
percieved benefits
types of perceived benefits
health
financial
social
belief that recommended action brings negative consequences
barriers
types of barriers
physiological
time
financial
self confidence in one’s own ability to perform the recommended behaviour
self efficacy
ways self efficacy develops
mastery experience
vicarious experience/social modeling
verbal persuation
improving physical/emotional state
what is mastery experience?
experience of being succesful
what is vicarious experience?
learn from watching other people.
requisite for vicarious experience to work
identify with the model
triggers that make people start a behaviour once they are phsicologycaly ready
cues to action
types of cues to action
internal cues
environmental
types of environmental cues to action
media
social comparison
external promotion
criticism of HBM
not enough variables
doest specify relationship between variables
instinctive need to share emotionally-charged events
social sharing of emotion
most shared content on social media
humor
emotion evoking
prochaska and diclemente wrote which theory?
trans theoretical model
TTM was primarily thought of as…
helping to quit smoking
integrated 300 theories into 1 regarding change
trans theoretical model
TTM asumptions
no single theory can explain behaviour change
change takes time and stages
messages become effective depending on the stage
stages of change according to TTM
precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance
extra stage of change
termination
characteristics of precontemplation
6 months before action
aware/unaware of problem
thinks change is not important tried and failed
action tendency of precontemplation
avoid it, resistant to change
characteristics of contemplation
will change behaviour within 6 months
thining about it
weighting pros & cons
characteristics of preparation
plan making
action within 1 month
action tendency of preparation
seek information
plan action
action stage characteristics
behaviour change for less than 6 months
maintentace characteristics
6+ months
focus on preventing relapse
process of going to a previous step
relapse
stage with 0 temptation to relapse
termination
what is the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion?
Emotions arise due to cognitive appraisal of the environment
what is compassion?
understanding + willingness to help
difference between compassion and sympathy?
sympathy doest involve willingness to help
most effective emotion for ads
moderate guilt
emotion created by the offence against status quo
guilt
emotion created by the offence against a personal standard
shame
processes that help people go from precontemplation to contemplation
consiousness raising
environmental reevaluation
self reevaluation
what involves consiousness raising?
awareness of causes, consequences and cures of a diseases
what involves social reevaluation?
considering how behaviour affects others
becoming a role model
family intervention
what involves self reevaluation?
bahaviour change is an important part of one’s identity
processes that help people go from contemplation to action
self liberation
social liberation
what is self liberation?
making a public commitment to change
what is social liberation?
realizing social norms are changing toward supporting a behaviour
processes that help people go from action to maintenance
counterconditioning
stimulus control
contingency management
helping relationships
what is counterconditioning when getting into the maintenance stage of a new habit??
learning healthier alternatives to behaviour and thoughts
what involves stimulus control when getting into the maintenance stage of a new habit?
removing triggers
what involves contingency management when getting into the maintenance stage of a new habit?
rewards or punishments
idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or unit
innovation
process by which info is communicated
difussion
disemination
systematic effort to diffuse info
types of difussion
passive
active
factors that ease difussion
compatibility apparent advantage complexity observability triability
what happens when an innovation is not completely compatible?
reinvention
theory by rogers
type of customers
characteristics of the categories of customers (5)
only for succesful innovations mutually exclusive exhaustive innovation specific social system specific
characteristics of innovators (4)
risk takers
rich
social
networked with creators
characteristics of early adopters (5)
opinion leaders young high social status rich educated
characteristics of early majority (3)
deliberate
avobe average social status
not opinion leaders
characteristics of late majority (4)
risk averse
peer pressured
below avergage social status
no money
characteristics of laggards (4)
aversion to peer pressure
traditional
antisocial
low social status
how are the campaign for innovators?
highlight newness
how are the campaign for early majority?
highlight pros and provide reasurance
how are the campaign for late majority?
emphasize popularity
benefits evidence
how are the campaign for laggards?
emphasize compatibility with tradition
not show persuasive intent
narrative presuasion
core target customer categories of a health campaign
late majority and laggards
author of trans theoretical model?
prochaska & diclemente
example of an innovation taking a long time to diffuse
vitaminc C and scurvy
steps on the difussion process (6)
innovation development dissemination adoption implementation maintenance institutionalization
3 Types of knowledge that influence adoption of an innovation
awareness knowledge
procedural knowledge
principles knowledge
what is awareness knowledge?
awareness of existance
what is procedural knowledge?
know how to use an innovation
what is principles knowledge?
know how it works
primary motivational system for human beings
emotion
discrete emotions theory
Fundamental ten core emotions human beings experience
core emotions
sadness happiness anger shame guilt disgust contempt compassion hope surprise envy
what does the discrete emotional theory mean by discrete?
each emotion is separate, unconnected and distinct
who is the author of the cognitive appraisal of emotios theory?
lazarus
The person-environment relationship is called
core relational theme
Arise from a situation that are different from what we “want” (our goals)
goal incongruent emotions
list of goal incongruent emotions
shame guilt anger fear sadness disgust envy
anger core relational theme
offense against me and mine
action tendency of anger
attack
fear core reational theme
Facing an immediate, concrete, and overwhelming (physical) danger or threat to well-being
action tendency of fear
avoid, escape
sadness core relational theme
Having experienced irrevocable loss
sadness action tendency
inaction and withdrawal
emotion that is learned during childhood
guilt
“Having transgressed a (socially constructed, learned) moral imperative, the internalized values about right and wrong
guilt core relational theme
guilt action tendency
compensate
seek punishment
deny control
source of ego-ideal
parents
shame action tendency
hide the action
try to not do it again
“Taking in or being too close to an indigestible object or idea (metaphorically speaking”
discust core relational theme
disgust action tendency
avoidance
envy core relational theme
“Wanting what someone else has”
envy action tendency
try to get the possesion
attack
happiness core relational theme
“Making reasonable progress toward the realization of a goal”
action tendency of happiness
share
hope core relational theme
Having a positive outlook in negative condition
hope action tendency
remain inspired, action
Instinctive human need to share emotionally-charged events
social sharing of emotion
