Health Care Ethics Flashcards
describe ethics
- study of morality
- what is good bad right wrong in a moral sense
- pertains to individual character of person
- study of morality
- what is good bad right wrong in a moral sense
- pertains to individual character of person
ethics
describe morality
relationship between human beings
-deals with how humans treat other beings to promote mutual welfare,
Growth creativity, and meaning
what is good or right
pleasure happiness excellence and also lead to harmony and creativity
what is bad or wrong
Pain lack of excellence disharmony lack of creativity
describe a moral person
what is good or right
-all positive
describe an immoral person
knowingly violating human moral standards
-bad or wrong
Distrust
Destroys barriers
Decreased self respect
Which separates people that results to inability to work together and communicate
describe an amoral person
- having no moral sense
- no sense of guilt
- being indifferent to right and wrong
- doing harmful acts without discomfort or shame
- no remorse or regret for what you have done
- knows ethical rules but these ethical rules have no meaning to them
- inability to learn from experience
- serious personality defects
give examples of amoral person
lobotomy
psychopaths
give example of a nonmoral
o inanimate object
Car -not in the realm of morality altogether but if its used by a moral person it can enter the realm
Math- ginamit formulas for bombs= morality issues
when does an inanimate object become immoral
If an inanimate object are used by a immoral person then it becomes immoral (gun)
descriptive approach
-most often used in the social sciences
Scientific approach
Data about human behavior and conduct are observed and collected conclusions are drawn
empirical
➜makes no value judgments as to what is morally right or wrong
➜does not prescribe how humans ought to behave
empirical
what does metaethics and analytic ethics analyze?
ethical language
rational foundations of ethical systems, or the logic and reasoning of various ethicists
- deals with norms and prescriptions
- prescribes how human beings should behave, not just describes
- encompasses the making of moral judgement
Philosophical approach
Normative or prescriptive ethics
Philosophical approach
what is customary morality based on?
customs or traditions
often accepted without analysis or critical evaluation
Customary or traditional morality
describe reflective morality
careful examination and critical evaluation of all moral issues whether or not they are based on religion, custom, or tradition
what is the 3 levels of kohlberg’s theory?
pre conventional
conventional
post conventional (autonomous, principled)
2 stages of pre conventional level
1: punishment and obedience
2: instrumental or relativist orientation
describe pre conventional level
until age 9
-children don’t have a personal code of morality, and instead moral decisions are shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules.
describe first stage of pre conventional level
is good in order to avoid being punished. If a person is punished, they must have done wrong
describe second stage of pre conventional level
-instrumental/ relativist
not just one right view that is handed down by the authorities. Different individuals have different viewpoints.
in pre conventional level what shapes a child’s morality
moral decisions are shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules.
describe conventional level
adolescents and adults
- characterized by an acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong
- authority is internalized but not questioned, and reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs
authority is internalized but not questioned, and reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs
conventional Level
stresses the responsibilities of relationships as well as social order is seen as desirable and must, therefore, influence our view of what is right and wrong.
conventional level
describe 3rd stage of conventional level
-interpersonal concordance (good boy-nice girl orientation)
➜the child is good in order to be seen as being a good person by others.
-the approval of others.
describe 4th stage of conventional level
- aware of the wider rules of society,
- obeying rules in order to uphold the law and to avoid guilt
what is post conventional level
individuals’ understanding of universal ethical principles
hese are abstract and ill-defined but might include
➜preservation of life at all costs
➜importance of human dignity
Post conventional, autonomous, principled level
Post conventional, autonomous, principled level
what is individual’s judgement based on
self-chosen principles
Post conventional, autonomous, principled level
what is moral reasoning based on
individual rights and justice
describe 5th stage of post conventional level
- social orientation
➜the individual becomes aware that while the rules or laws might exist for the greatest number, there are ties when they will work against the interest of particular individuals
describe 6th stage of post conventional level
-universal ethical principle
developed their own set of moral guidelines which may or may not fit the law. This principle applies to everyone
give reasons why morality should and need not be based on religion
✅difficult to prove the existence of a supernatural being
✅religious people -immoral
nonreligious person- moral
✅ difficult to provide a rational foundation f or religion
✅if religion were to be the foundation of morality, which religion would do so, and who would decide?
✅there is a difficulty in resolving the conflict arising from various religiously based ethical systems without going outside of them
describe morality and law
morality is not necessarily based on the law
✅morality provides the basic reasons for any significant laws
✅law is a public expression of and provides a sanction for social morality
3 foundations of law
common
statutory
administrative
judicial decisions, unwritten laws
common law
legislative bodies
statutory law
rules and regulations and decisions of administrative agencies
Administrative
give 4 fundamentals of law
➜ A concern for justice and fairness
➜Plasticity and change
➜Acts are judged on the universal standard of the reasonable person
➜ Doctrine of Individual Rights and Responsibilities
––every person is liable for his or her own actions.
a civil legal action by one person or entity against another person or entity, to be decided in a court.
Lawsuit
person who brings an action in a court of law,
plaintiff
files a complaint or petition with the court that addresses the elements of the prima facie case
plaintiff
legally sufficient to establish a case
prima facie
a person against whom an action us brought.
defendant
give the first 6 of the 13 patients bill of rights
- appropriate medical care and humane treatment
- informed consent
- privacy and confidentiality
- information
- choose health care provider and facility
- self-determination
give 7-13 patients bill of rights
- religious beliefs
- medical records
- leave
- refuce participation in medical research
- correspondence and to recieve patients
- express grievances
- informed rights and obligations as a patient
4 responsibilities of a Filipino registered nurse
- promotion of health
- prevention of illness
- alleviation of suffering
- restoration of health
preamble section 1
responsibility
preamble section 2
gain knowledge and understanding
- inherent factors for effective nursing care
a. cultural diversity
b. political
c. socioeconomic status
premable section 3
respect and confidence
article 2
RN and people
article 2 section 4
pbr no. 7, no. 6, no.3
article 3
RN and practice
article 2 section 5
a. consider the individuality (uniqueness) and totality of patients when they administer care.
b. respect the spiritual beliefs and practices of patients regarding diet and treatment.
c.uphold the rights of individuals. (bill or rights)
take into consideration the culture and values of patients in providing nursing care. However, in the event of conflicts, their welfare and safety must take precedence
article IV
RN and their co-workers
article v
RN, society, environment
article vi
rn and their profession
