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NCM 108 Bioethics > Health Care Ethics > Flashcards

Health Care Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

describe ethics

A
  • study of morality
  • what is good bad right wrong in a moral sense
  • pertains to individual character of person
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2
Q
  • study of morality
  • what is good bad right wrong in a moral sense
  • pertains to individual character of person
A

ethics

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3
Q

describe morality

A

relationship between human beings
-deals with how humans treat other beings to promote mutual welfare,
Growth creativity, and meaning

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4
Q

what is good or right

A

pleasure happiness excellence and also lead to harmony and creativity

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5
Q

what is bad or wrong

A

Pain lack of excellence disharmony lack of creativity

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6
Q

describe a moral person

A

what is good or right

-all positive

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7
Q

describe an immoral person

A

knowingly violating human moral standards
-bad or wrong
Distrust
Destroys barriers
Decreased self respect
Which separates people that results to inability to work together and communicate

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8
Q

describe an amoral person

A
  • having no moral sense
  • no sense of guilt
  • being indifferent to right and wrong
  • doing harmful acts without discomfort or shame
  • no remorse or regret for what you have done
  • knows ethical rules but these ethical rules have no meaning to them
  • inability to learn from experience
  • serious personality defects
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9
Q

give examples of amoral person

A

lobotomy

psychopaths

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10
Q

give example of a nonmoral

A

o inanimate object
Car -not in the realm of morality altogether but if its used by a moral person it can enter the realm
Math- ginamit formulas for bombs= morality issues

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11
Q

when does an inanimate object become immoral

A

If an inanimate object are used by a immoral person then it becomes immoral (gun)

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12
Q

descriptive approach

-most often used in the social sciences

A

Scientific approach

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13
Q

Data about human behavior and conduct are observed and collected conclusions are drawn

A

empirical

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14
Q

➜makes no value judgments as to what is morally right or wrong
➜does not prescribe how humans ought to behave

A

empirical

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15
Q

what does metaethics and analytic ethics analyze?

A

ethical language

rational foundations of ethical systems, or the logic and reasoning of various ethicists

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16
Q
  • deals with norms and prescriptions
  • prescribes how human beings should behave, not just describes
  • encompasses the making of moral judgement
A

Philosophical approach

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17
Q

Normative or prescriptive ethics

A

Philosophical approach

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18
Q

what is customary morality based on?

A

customs or traditions

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19
Q

often accepted without analysis or critical evaluation

A

Customary or traditional morality

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20
Q

describe reflective morality

A

careful examination and critical evaluation of all moral issues whether or not they are based on religion, custom, or tradition

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21
Q

what is the 3 levels of kohlberg’s theory?

A

pre conventional
conventional
post conventional (autonomous, principled)

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22
Q

2 stages of pre conventional level

A

1: punishment and obedience
2: instrumental or relativist orientation

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23
Q

describe pre conventional level

A

until age 9
-children don’t have a personal code of morality, and instead moral decisions are shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules.

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24
Q

describe first stage of pre conventional level

A

is good in order to avoid being punished. If a person is punished, they must have done wrong

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25
Q

describe second stage of pre conventional level

A

-instrumental/ relativist

not just one right view that is handed down by the authorities. Different individuals have different viewpoints.

26
Q

in pre conventional level what shapes a child’s morality

A

moral decisions are shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules.

27
Q

describe conventional level

A

adolescents and adults

  • characterized by an acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong
  • authority is internalized but not questioned, and reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs
28
Q

authority is internalized but not questioned, and reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs

A

conventional Level

29
Q

stresses the responsibilities of relationships as well as social order is seen as desirable and must, therefore, influence our view of what is right and wrong.

A

conventional level

30
Q

describe 3rd stage of conventional level

A

-interpersonal concordance (good boy-nice girl orientation)
➜the child is good in order to be seen as being a good person by others.
-the approval of others.

31
Q

describe 4th stage of conventional level

A
  • aware of the wider rules of society,

- obeying rules in order to uphold the law and to avoid guilt

32
Q

what is post conventional level

A

individuals’ understanding of universal ethical principles

33
Q

hese are abstract and ill-defined but might include
➜preservation of life at all costs
➜importance of human dignity

A

Post conventional, autonomous, principled level

34
Q

Post conventional, autonomous, principled level

what is individual’s judgement based on

A

self-chosen principles

35
Q

Post conventional, autonomous, principled level

what is moral reasoning based on

A

individual rights and justice

36
Q

describe 5th stage of post conventional level

A
  • social orientation
    ➜the individual becomes aware that while the rules or laws might exist for the greatest number, there are ties when they will work against the interest of particular individuals
37
Q

describe 6th stage of post conventional level

A

-universal ethical principle

developed their own set of moral guidelines which may or may not fit the law. This principle applies to everyone

38
Q

give reasons why morality should and need not be based on religion

A

✅difficult to prove the existence of a supernatural being
✅religious people -immoral
nonreligious person- moral
✅ difficult to provide a rational foundation f or religion
✅if religion were to be the foundation of morality, which religion would do so, and who would decide?
✅there is a difficulty in resolving the conflict arising from various religiously based ethical systems without going outside of them

39
Q

describe morality and law

A

morality is not necessarily based on the law
✅morality provides the basic reasons for any significant laws
✅law is a public expression of and provides a sanction for social morality

40
Q

3 foundations of law

A

common
statutory
administrative

41
Q

judicial decisions, unwritten laws

A

common law

42
Q

legislative bodies

A

statutory law

43
Q

rules and regulations and decisions of administrative agencies

A

Administrative

44
Q

give 4 fundamentals of law

A

➜ A concern for justice and fairness
➜Plasticity and change
➜Acts are judged on the universal standard of the reasonable person
➜ Doctrine of Individual Rights and Responsibilities
––every person is liable for his or her own actions.

45
Q

a civil legal action by one person or entity against another person or entity, to be decided in a court.

A

Lawsuit

46
Q

person who brings an action in a court of law,

A

plaintiff

47
Q

files a complaint or petition with the court that addresses the elements of the prima facie case

A

plaintiff

48
Q

legally sufficient to establish a case

A

prima facie

49
Q

a person against whom an action us brought.

A

defendant

50
Q

give the first 6 of the 13 patients bill of rights

A
  • appropriate medical care and humane treatment
  • informed consent
  • privacy and confidentiality
  • information
  • choose health care provider and facility
  • self-determination
51
Q

give 7-13 patients bill of rights

A
  • religious beliefs
  • medical records
  • leave
  • refuce participation in medical research
  • correspondence and to recieve patients
  • express grievances
  • informed rights and obligations as a patient
52
Q

4 responsibilities of a Filipino registered nurse

A
  1. promotion of health
  2. prevention of illness
  3. alleviation of suffering
  4. restoration of health
53
Q

preamble section 1

A

responsibility

54
Q

preamble section 2

A

gain knowledge and understanding

  • inherent factors for effective nursing care
    a. cultural diversity
    b. political
    c. socioeconomic status
55
Q

premable section 3

A

respect and confidence

56
Q

article 2

A

RN and people

57
Q

article 2 section 4

A

pbr no. 7, no. 6, no.3

58
Q

article 3

A

RN and practice

59
Q

article 2 section 5

A

a. consider the individuality (uniqueness) and totality of patients when they administer care.
b. respect the spiritual beliefs and practices of patients regarding diet and treatment.

c.uphold the rights of individuals. (bill or rights)

take into consideration the culture and values of patients in providing nursing care. However, in the event of conflicts, their welfare and safety must take precedence

60
Q

article IV

A

RN and their co-workers

61
Q

article v

A

RN, society, environment

62
Q

article vi

A

rn and their profession

NCM 108 Bioethics (3 decks)

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