Health Behaviour Change Flashcards
List 3 Health Behaviour Change theories
1) Health Belief Model
2) Theory of Planned Behaviour
3) Social Learning (Cognitive Theory)
4) Stages of Change (transtheoretical model)
5) Precaution adoption model
6) Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Describe the ‘Health Belief Model’ behavioural change theory
The Health Belief Model
theorises that an individual will only seek preventative measures if he/she BELIEVES there is a THREAT to their health AND if the PREVENTATIVE MEASURE is ACCESSIBLE and LOW RISK to allow him/her to avoid the health threat
List the 6 key constructs / elements associated with the Health Belief Model
6 constructs Health Belief Model (3 Ss and 3 Bs)
1) Perceived SUSCEPTIBILITY (perceived risk to self)
2) Perceived SEVERITY (perceived consequences)
3) Perceived BENEFIT (perceived effectiveness of preventative measures)
4) Perceived BARRIERS
5) Cues to action (STIMULI that induce readiness to change)
6) Self-efficacy (confidence in own aBility to make the necessary change)
Describe the Theory of Planned Behaviour
THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR
Helps predict ones LIKELIHOOD of ENGAGING in a behaviour change based on MOTIVATION and PERCEIVED ABILITY. Identifies that health behaviour is INFLUENCED by own BELIEFS and ATTITUDE regarding the risks, benefits and their capability of achieving the desired health goal.
What are the 6 constructs involved in the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
SIX contructs Theory Planned Behaviour
1) Attitude (one’s +VE / -VE evaluation of the behaviour / outcome)
2) Behavioural intention (MOTIVATIONAL factors - most imp)
3) Subjective norms (perception of others’ beliefs)
4) Social norms (customary standards within a group)
5) Perceived power (one’s perceived control over factors)
6) Perceived behavioural control (PERCEIVED CAPABILITIES - how easy or difficult likely to be)
With which health behaviour change theory are the following terms associated:
Reciprocal determinism; Behavioural capabilities; Observational Learning; Reinforcements; Expectations and Self-efficacy?
Social learning (cognitive theory)
What is meant by Reciprocal Determinism in he social learning theory?
The person, the behaviour and the environment influence one another in reciprocal manner
What is meant by Behavioural capability in social learning?
The ability through knowledge and skill to complete a behaviour
What is meant by Observational learning (social learning)?
To learn from others’ experience as well as your own
To what is ‘reinforcements’ referring in social learning?
How behaviours are maintained or omitted through internal or external social reinforcements
In what way does expectation influence behaviour according the the social learning theory?
The anticipated consequences of behavioural change will either encourage or discourage that change
What is self-efficacy in relation to the social learning theory?
One’s level of confidence in their ability to to achieve a behaviour (influenced by environment and own behavioural capability)
List the 6 stages of change (transtheoretical model)
1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Relapse
In what way do the ‘Stages of Change’ and ‘Precaution adoption model’ theories differ?
STAGES of change is a CYCLICAL theory of change whereas PRECAUTION ADOPTION (ranging from unawareness to maintenance) describes a linear process (i.e. individuals cannot go back to ‘unawareness’)
Describe the Diffusion of Innovation theory
Describes how the introduction of a behaviour moves through a population:
Innovators > Early Adopters > Early Majority > Late Majority > Laggards
What are the key principles all behaviour theories have in common?
a) beliefs about risks and benefits
b) motivation
c) self-efficacy
d) environmental influence (e.g. social norms)
What 4 intrapersonal features influence behaviour?
knowledge
attitudes
beliefs
personality
What 4 interpersonal groups influence behaviour?
family
friends
peers
health providers
What institutional factors might influence behaviour?
rules; regulations/laws; policies e.g. kcal on menus, laws regarding where you may smoke etc
non-adherence to meds is thought to occur how often in chronic illness is?
50-80% of the time
Provider as ‘expert’ comprises making medical ___, making specific ____ and ___ treatments
1) assessment
2) recommendations
3) prescribing