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Psychological Medicine Block (Unsorted) > Health Behaviour > Flashcards

Health Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is health behaviour?

A

An action taken by a person to maintain, attain or regain optimal health & prevent illness.
Reflects person’s health beliefs.
An activity people perform to maintain/improve their health, regardless of perceived health status or whether the behaviour actually achieves that goal.

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2
Q

What are the three empirical based models of health behaviour?

A

Health Belief Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Theory of Planned Behaviour
Revise in lecture slides

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3
Q

Name 4 barriers to optimal health behaviours.

A

1 - enjoyment of competing poor health behaviours
2 - no immediate adverse effects of poor behaviours
3 - the amount of effort involved in changing health behaviours
4 - fear, leading to denial that there is a problem with behaviours

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4
Q

Describe cognitive dissonance.

A

We know what is good for us and still do something else e.g. smoking, drunken driving, failing to have health concern checked, any substantial risk behaviour.

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5
Q

How do people achieve cognitive dissonance?

A

Attribution errors regarding self (it won’t happen to me)
Selective attention
Avoidance

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6
Q

How do you change cognitive dissonance?

A

Change the belief, not the behaviour

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7
Q

What are the two types of personal control?

A

Behavioral and cognitive control

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8
Q

What is the benefit of experiencing a sense of control?

A

Experience less stress from stressors
Able to maintain health/prevent illness
Once unwell - sense of control promotes readjustment, adherence and rehabilitation
Less depression when ill

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9
Q

Why do some people lack personal control?

A

Sense of control can be learned through social learning (lack of role models)
As we age, our locus of control shifts externally
Learned helplessness
Learned mastery/resilience.

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10
Q

How is health influenced by pessimistic attitudes?

A

Pessimistic people have poorer health habits, more illnesses, less likely to treat illness

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11
Q

Name and explain the two types of locus of control.

A

External locus of control - outcomes outside your control, determined by fate & independent of your hard work/decisions
Internal locus of control - outcomes within your control, determined by hard work/decisions

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12
Q

Which locus of control is optimal and why?

A

Internal locus. Lower stress and changeable.

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13
Q

What is the difference between personal control and locus of control?

A

Personal control is unidimensional –> increases = positive health outcomes
Locus of control is internal/external –> multidimensional, both can change

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14
Q

Describe the concept of self efficacy.

A

Belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.

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15
Q

What is high self efficacy important for?

A

Persistence, adherence and change

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16
Q

How does social support benefit health?

A

Decreases the likelihood that people will develop disease & decreases recovery time

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17
Q

What are the types of social support?

A

Emotional, instrumental and informational

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18
Q

Describe catastrophizing.

A

Focusing on the worse case scenarios in most situations
Forming a conclusion without supporting evidence
Seeing things only from the worst case perspective

19
Q

What are the beliefs challenging optimal health behaviours?

A 
False consensus 
Unrealistic optimism/pessimism 
Belief in personal coping capactiy 
Fatalism 
The nature of health behaviours
20
Q

What does CBT stand for?

A

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

21
Q

What can CBT treat?

A

Anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, alcohol/drug disorders, eating disorders, psychotics/bipolar disorders

22
Q

What are the 5 healthy lifestyle practices?

A 
Smoking 
Obesity 
Exercise 
Diet
Alcohol
23
Q

What are the highest reported chronic disease burdens in NZ?

A 
Diabetes 
COPD (chronic obstructive airways disease) 
Asthma
Stroke 
Hypertension 
Chronic pain/arthritis
24
Q

Name the stages of change.

A 
Pre-contemplation 
Contemplation 
Preparation 
Action 
Maintenance 
Relapse
25
Q

Explain the pre-contemplation stage of change.

A

No intention on changing behaviour - NO

26
Q

Explain the contemplation stage of change.

A

Aware a problem exists, but with no commitment to action - MAYBE

27
Q

Describe the preparation stage of change.

A

Intent on taking action to address the problem - PREPARE/PLAN

28
Q

Explain the action stage of change.

A

Active modification of behaviour - DO

29
Q

Describe the maintenance stage of change.

A

Sustained change; new behaviour replaces old - KEEP GOING

30
Q

Explain relapse stage of change.

A

Fall back into old patterns of behaviour.

31
Q

Describe the basic concept of Motivational Interviewing.

A

A style of communicating with people constructively about reducing health risks & changing their behaviour.
Designed to enhance the patient’s own motivation to change using strategies that are empathetic and non-confrontational.

32
Q

What are the principles/characteristics of Motivational Interviewing?

A

Increasing patient’s self-efficacy
Directive approach
Uses “Change talk”
Use Stages of Change Model

33
Q

What are the 3 main points of motivational interviewing?

A

Collaborative - working together to understand patient’s perspective
Evocative - evoking patient’s own arguments/reasons for change
Honoring autonomy

34
Q

What are the core/general skills of Motivational Interviewing?

A

OARS

  • Open questions
  • Affirmation
  • Reflective listening
  • Summarizing
35
Q

Name the specific skills of MI

A

READS principles

Change talk

36
Q

List the READS principles.

A 
Roll with resistance 
Express empathy 
Avoid argumentation
Develop discrepancy - raise awareness between where the client is and where they want to be  
Support self-efficacy
37
Q

Name the primary tasks of the precontemplation stage.

A

Raising awareness

38
Q

Name the primary tasks of the contemplation stage.

A

Resolving ambivalence

Helping to choose change

39
Q

Name the primary tasks of the preparation stage.

A

Help identify appropriate change strategies

40
Q

Name the primary tasks of the action stage.

A

Help implement change strategies & learn to eliminate potential relapses

41
Q

Name the primary activities of the maintenance stage.

A

Develop new skills for maintaining recovery

42
Q

Name the primary tasks of the relapse stage.

A

Cope with consequences and determine what to do next.

43
Q

What are the essential components of health behaviour change interventions?

A 
Problem solving/goal setting/written action plans 
Lifestyle changes
Disease specific information 
Medication 
Relaxation/stress management

Psychological Medicine Block (Unsorted) (15 decks)

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