Health and Wellness DSA Flashcards
What is a disadvantage of the USPSTF guidelines?
The guidelines do not take into account the costs of the recommended interventions
Define Grades A and B of the USPSTF guidelines
Grade A: high certainty of benefit and the net benefit is substantial
Grade B: high certainty of benefit and the net benefit is moderate
What USPSTF grades should be offered or provided?
Grades A and B
Grade C should be offered selectively
According to the CDC’s immunization schedules, when should vaccines be offered?
Vaccines should be offered if the patient meets the age requirements OR there is lack of documentation OR evidence of past infection/immunity
Who should receive the influenza vaccine annually?
Everyone
(healthy adults of all ages, Smokers, T2DM, and Asplenics)
Who should receive the Td or TDAP vaccine and when?
Everyone every 10 years
(healthy adults, smokers, T2DM, and Aplenics)
Who should NOT receive the Varicella vaccine?
Healthy adults over age 65
Who should NOT receive the Zoster vaccine?
Healthy adults between the ages of 19-49
(starts at age 50)
Who should NOT receive the Pneumococcal vaccine?
healthy adults between the ages of 19-64*
*unless they are smokers, T2DM, and asplenics over age 19
Who should receive the Meningococcal vaccine?
Healthy adults between the ages of 19-49 and Asplenics every 5 years
According to the CDC, what is moderate exercise?
Moderate-intensity aerobic activity
Able to carry on a conversation
What are some examples of moderate activity?
walking briskly @ a 15-minute mile
light snow shoveling
raking/bagging leaves
push mower
biking at <10mph
What are some examples of vigorous-intensity exercise?
Jogging/running
swimming laps
According to the CDC, what are some examples of muscle and bone-strengthening activities for children and adolescence?
Muscle: tug of war, resistance exercises, climbing
Bone: jump rope, running, sports with jumping/direction changes
According to the National Institute on Aging, what are some examples of the following exercises?
Endurance:
Strength:
Flexibility:
Balance:
Endurance: Aerobics (walking/biking)
Strength: Resistance bands/weights
Flexibility: Yoga, Tai Chi, Stretching
Balance: Heel-Toe walking, Standing on one leg
How active should children ages 3-5 be?
physically active throughout the day
How active should children (6-17) be?
60 minutes per day
combo of moderate to vigorous intensity with bone/muscle building
How active should adults be?
150 minutes/wk of moderate-intensity
or
75 minutes/wk of vigorous-intensity
or
combination of the two
What is the activity recommendations for older adults?
same as adults, but with additional balance activities
The NIA and Health.gov have the same recommendations as the CDC for physical activity, exept for what recommendation for adults?
Health.gov recommends adults attain 150-300min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic activity
+2 days/wk of muscle training
What is the recommended serving of vegetables?
2.5c equivalent/d
.5c cooked or 1c raw
Examples: dark greens, beans/pea/lentils, starchy vegs, etc
What is the recommended amount of fruits?
2c eq/d
.5c cooked or 1c raw
examples: whole fruit
What is the recommended serving of grains?
6oz eq/d
1 slice of bread of .5c oats/rice
Example: at least 50% should be whole grains
What is the recommended amount of protein?
23oz/wk
encourage seafood 2x/wk
Examples: lean cuts, meat, poultry, eggs
What is the seafood recommendations?
8oz/wk
alternate with meat choices,
Example: 4oz x2/wk
What is the nuts/seeds/soy recommendations?
5oz/wk
Using the plate method, what are the dietary recommendations?
50% fruits/veg
25% grains
25% protein
*most Americans do not meet these recommendations
What are 5 ways to approach diet conversation with patients?
- begin with diet history
- meet them where they are
- encourage small changes
- plan for busy lifestyle
- encourage picky eaters
What are some recommendations for those with limited food resources?
fresh, frozen, dried and canned foods are options
Low salt/sugar options are best
Consider casseroles and soups to stretch limited resources
What are some ways to accomodate a busy lifestyle?
Healthier frozen food options, meal planning, healthy take-out options
What are some ways to educate picky eaters?
Encourage them to try one new food per week
childern often need to try a new food 10+ times before acquiring a taste
What is the main nutrient that is limited in the DASH diet?
What is required?
Sodium content
important for patients to read labels and understant Na content
Educating the patient requires a team approach
