Health and Wellness Flashcards

Question

Treatment Paradigm

Answer 1

Competency 3.1.1: Health & Wellness ● Endpoint is death; healing from treatment ends at neutral

Answer 2

Competency 3.2.1: Health & Wellness ● Often NO warning signs, silent killer ● Leads to heart disease and stroke

Answer 3

Competency 3.2.1: Health & Wellness ● Age: risk increases with age ● Women as likely as men ● Race: people of African heritage ● Family history: 6/10 people who have diabetes also have HBP; about 9/10 Americans will develop HBP

Answer 4

Competency 3.2.1: Health & Wellness ● Unhealthy Diet ● Physical Inactivity ● Obesity/Overweight ● Alcohol/Tobacco ● Low potassium/high salt intake

Answer 5

Competency 3.2.1: Health & Wellness ● Do NOT smoke ● Manage medications ● Exercise 150 min/week (Daily 30 minutes, 5 days/week) ● Healthy Diet: LIMIT sodium and alcohol ● Weight maintenance ● Stress management

Answer 6

Competency 3.2.2: Health & Wellness ● Heart disease and stroke ● Lifestyle changes decrease risks

Answer 7

Competency 3.2.2: Health & Wellness ● increased urination often at night ● increased thirst ● unexplained weight loss but very hungry ● blurred vision ● numbness or tingling in hands/feet ● Very tired ● Dry skin ● Sores that heal slowly ● Type 1 may also have these

Answer 8

Competency 3.2.2: Health & Wellness ● Pregnant women who have never had diabetes ● Increases the risk for type 2 diabetes later in the mother’s life

Answer 9

Competency 3.2.2: Health & Wellness ● Body cells don’t respond normally to insulin; pancreas makes more insulin; blood sugar rises ● Reversible

Answer 10

Competency 3.2.2: Health & Wellness ● Age: 45 or older ● Race: American Indian, black, Asian, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander, and have at least one other risk factor ● Family history: parent or sibling with T2D ● Damaged pancreas cells ● Gestational Diabetes ● Environment ● Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Answer 11

Competency 3.2.2: Health & Wellness ● Having pre-diabetes is a risk factor for developing diabetes in the future

Answer 12

Competency 3.2.2: Health & Wellness ● Overweight/Obesity ● Physical Inactivity ● Pre-Diabetes ● High Blood Pressure ● High cholesterol/triglycerides ● Smoking ● Diet

Answer 13

Competency 3.2.3: Health & Wellness ● A complex disease that occurs when weight is higher than what is healthy for height ● SDOH (social determinants of health), genetics, medications contribute

Answer 14

Competency 3.2.3: Health & Wellness ● High Blood Pressure ● High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides ● Type 2 Diabetes ● Coronary Heart Disease ● Stroke ● Osteoarthritis ● Sleep apnea and breathing problems ● Some cancers (endometrial, breast, colon, kidney, gallbladder, and liver) ● Low quality of life ● Mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety ● Body pain and difficulty functioning

Answer 15

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Heart Disease ● Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the United States.

Answer 16

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● The first sign of CAD is often a heart attack. ● CAD is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the heart ● Angina, chest pain, is the most common symptom of CAD.

Answer 17

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Pain in jaw, neck, or back ● Weak, light-headed, or faint, angina, chest pain, pain in arms or shoulders ● Shortness of breath, tired, nauseous (women) ● Silent MI symptoms may be brief/mild ● 1 in 5 heart attacks are silent

Answer 18

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Heart can’t pump enough blood/oxygen to organs

Answer 19

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Medical conditions: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes. ● Behavior: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco use ● Not modifiable Risk Factors: age, family history, male gender higher risk

Answer 20

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Stroke risk increases with age, genetics, family history

Answer 21

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness F.A.S.T. ● Face drooping ask to smile ● Arm weakness ask raise both arms ● Speech difficulty ask repeat a phrase ● Time to call 911 Treatment DELAY increases risk of permanent brain damage or death.

Answer 22

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body ● Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding others speech ● Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes ● Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination ● Sudden severe headache with no known cause

Answer 23

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Heart disease, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol, and diabetes ● If you have had a stroke, you are at high risk for another stroke.

Answer 24

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Blood clots or particles block blood vessels to brain ● Plaque can cause blockages by building up in the blood vessels

Answer 25

Competency 3.2.4: Health & Wellness ● Blood vessels burst in the brain and damage surrounding brain tissue. ● Surgery treatment

Answer 26

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Group of Risk factors that increase risk for heart disease, diabetes and stroke ● Insulin Resistance Syndrome Metabolic Syndrome: Must have 3 out of 5 to diagnose 1. Abdominal obesity/large waistline/apple shaped 2. High triglyceride level (150+) or on medication for high triglycerides 3. Low HDL cholesterol (Men <40 and Women <50) or on medication to treat low HDL 4. High blood pressure or on blood pressure medication 5. High fasting blood sugar or on medications to treat high blood sugar

Answer 27

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Inflammation or swelling of one or more joints, tissues around the joint, and connective tissues. ● Degenerative Joint Disease

Answer 28

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Osteoarthritis: breakdown of cartilage and bone within a joint ● No cure

Answer 29

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Not usually bilateral ● Pain or aching ● Stiffness ● Decreased range of motion (or flexibility) ● Swelling

Answer 30

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Quit smoke/drinking ● Exercise ● Manage weight ● Protect joints ● Self-management ● Healthy Diet

Answer 31

Competency 3.2.5 : Health & Wellness ● Smoking ● Unhealthy diet ● Physically Inactive ● Overweight/Obese

Answer 32

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Pain or aching in more than one joint ● Stiffness in more than one joint ● Tenderness and swelling in more than one joint ● The same symptoms bilaterally on both sides of the body (e.g., both hand or both knees) ● Weight loss ● Fever ● Fatigue or tiredness

Answer 33

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Pain and stiffness all over the body ● Fatigue and tiredness ● Depression and anxiety ● Sleep problems ● Problems with thinking, memory, and concentration ● Headaches including migraines *Other symptoms may include: ▪ Tingling or numbness in hands and feet ▪ Pain in the face or jaw, including disorders of the jaw TMJ, GI problems, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and IBS

Answer 34

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Chronic inflammation ● Acute inflammation is a healthy response to injury, but chronic inflammation leads to disease

Answer 35

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Vegetables (green, leafy) ● Fruit ● Nuts ● Fatty fish ● Olive oil ● Tomatoes

Answer 36

Competency 3.2.5: Health & Wellness ● Made by the live ● Higher levels, less blood flow ● Lab measurement indicating inflammation in the body

Answer 37

Competency 3.2.6: Health & Wellness ● AKA “bad cholesterol” ● Low Density Lipoproteins ● Lead to plaque buildup in arteries, heart disease, and stroke

Answer 38

Competency 3.2.6: Health & Wellness ● High Density Lipoprotein ● Carries bad LDL out of body ● High is good

Answer 39

Competency 3.3.2: Health & Wellness ● Fruits and vegetables half the plate: Juice can be a fruit ● Make half of grains whole grains. Refined grain choices should be enriched with B vitamins and iron. Fiber is not added back to enriched grains ● Vary protein: Seafood, meat, poultry, and eggs, beans, peas, and lentils, nuts, seeds, and soy ● Dairy: low fat or fat-free dairy includes milk, yogurt, cheese, lactose-free milk and fortified soy milk and yogurt

Answer 40

Competency 3.3.2: Health & Wellness ● Focuses on QUALITY of diet ● Fruits and Veggies: 1⁄2 of plate. Aim for color and variety; potatoes don’t count as vegetables ● Whole grains: 1⁄4 of plate ● Protein: 1⁄4 of plate. Limit red meat, and avoid processed meats such as bacon and sausage. ● Hydration: Drink water, coffee and tea. Skip sugary drinks, limit milk and dairy products to one to two servings per day, and limit juice to a small glass per day. ● Stay Active: The red figure running across the Healthy Eating Plate is a reminder ● Includes Healthy Oils

Answer 41

Competency 3.3.2: Health & Wellness ● Hypertension Diet ● Lower in sodium 2300 mg ● Vegetables, fruits, and whole grains ● Fat-free or low-fat dairy products ● Limit high saturated and trans fat ● Limit sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets ● Rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber, and protein

Answer 42

Competency 3.3.4: Health & Wellness ● Short sleep is < 6 hours/night. ● Necessary for proper immune, endocrine, and neurological functioning ● Lack of sleep linked to traffic accidents, work errors, and decreased productivity.

Answer 43

Competency 3.3.4: Health & Wellness ● Consistent to bed and wake at the same time each night/day ● bedroom is quiet, dark, relaxing, and at a comfortable temperature ● Remove electronic devices from bedroom ● Avoid large meals, caffeine, and alcohol before bedtime ● Exercise during the day

Answer 44

Competency 3.3.5: Health & Wellness ●Economic stability (socioeconomic status) ●Education access and quality ●Healthcare access and quality ●Neighborhood and built environment○transportation, housing, access to services ●Social and Community context ○Discrimination ●Nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes ●The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect quality-of-life outcomes and risks ●People who don't have access to grocery stores are less likely to have good nutrition ●Contribute to health disparities and inequities. ●Major impact on health, well-being, and quality of life ●Social isolation is a predictor of adverse health outcomes

Answer 45

Competency 3.3.2: Health & Wellness ●Emotional, psychological, and social well-being ●Handle stress, relate to others, make healthy choices

Answer 46

Competency 3.3.2: Health & Wellness ●Causes: genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors ●Increases risk diabetes, heart disease, stroke ●More than just a feeling of being sad or "blue" for a few days ●Recognize need to refer

Answer 47

Competency 3.3.6: Health & Wellness ●Largest preventable lifestyle habits associated with death and chronic disease

Answer 48

Competency 3.3.6: Health & Wellness ●LEADING cause of preventable death in the U.S. ●Causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, COPD, emphysema, bronchitis. Increases risk for tuberculosis, eye diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 49

Competency 3.3.7: Health & Wellness ●Treat moderate-to-severe pain following surgery/ injury, or health conditions such as cancer ●Methadone, Oxycodone (such as OxyContin®) Hydrocodone (such as Vicodin®)

Answer 50

Competency 3.3.2: Health & Wellness ●Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines increases the risk of fatal overdose. ●Central nervous system depressants used to sedate, induce sleep, prevent seizures, and relieve anxiety. alprazolam (Xanax®), diazepam (Valium®), and lorazepam (Ativan®)

Health and Wellness Flashcards

Biomarkers and Parameters