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Health and Human Development > Health and Wellbeing in a Global Context > Flashcards

Health and Wellbeing in a Global Context Flashcards

1
Q

Human Development characteristics (PLEAD)

A

Participate in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives
Lead long, healthy, productive and creative lives according to their needs and interests
Expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities
Access to knowledge, health and resources needed for a decent standard of living
Develop to their full potential

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2
Q

Human Development characteristics - P

A

Participate in their community and decisions affecting their lives

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3
Q

Human Development characteristics - L

A

Lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests

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4
Q

Human Development characteristics - E

A

Expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities

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5
Q

Human Development characteristics - A

A

Access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living

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6
Q

Human Development characteristics - D

A

Develop to their full potential

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7
Q

What is GNI

A

Gross National Income

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8
Q

How do we classify countries

A

High income country
Middle income country
Low income country

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9
Q

Why classifying countries are important

A

Guiding policies and interventions to improve health and wellbeing experienced

To identify issues in other countries and provide assistance if necessary

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10
Q

Characteristics of high, middle and low income countries (SEE)

A

Social
Economical
Environmental

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11
Q

Who developed the MODERN classification system of countries

A

WORLD BANK

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12
Q

High income GNI per capita range

A

$12, 696 or more

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13
Q

Upper-middle income GNI per capita range

A

$4,096 - $12,695

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14
Q

Lower-middle income GNI per capita range

A

$1,046 - $4,095

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15
Q

Middle income GNI per capita range

A

$1,046 - $12,695

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16
Q

Low income GNI per capita range

A

$1045 or less

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17
Q

High income countries

A

Australia, Canada, USA

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18
Q

Upper-middle income countries

A

China, Russian Federation, Turkey

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19
Q

Lower-middle income countries

A

India, Pakistan, Cambodia

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20
Q

Low income countries

A

Chad, Zimbabwe, Uganda

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21
Q

What is poverty

A

A term commonly used to describe the lack of access to resources, often as a result of a lack of access to money, can be expressed as the proportion of those with incomes less than US $1.90 per day (extreme poverty wage)

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22
Q

Economic characteristics (PRAG)

A

Poverty
Range of industries
Average income
Global trade

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23
Q

What does global trade rely on

A

Relies on infrastructure such as roads, ports and airports which high income countries have, allowing transportation of goods

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24
Q

Identify characteristics common among low income countries relating to economics

A

Often have low average incomes
Infrastructure is often underdeveloped
Very few trade industries
Greater proportion of extreme poverty compared to high income countries

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25
Q

Social characteristics (THEEGBSL)

A

Technology
Health systems
Employment
Education
Gender equality
Birth rates & population growth
Social security systems
Legal systems

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

Factors that contribute to similarities and differences in health status and burden of disease (PIGSS)

A

Poverty
Inequality and discrimination
Global distribution and marketing
Safe water
Sanitation

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28
Q

Access to safe water

A

Refers to water that is not contaminated with disease-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, or chemicals such as lead or mercury

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29
Q

Why we need safe water

A

Consumption - essential for optimal functioning of every cell in the body. Body cannot store water for later use, so must be consumed regularly

Washing and hygiene- clean water is required to maintain high levels of personal hygiene and prevents infection through handwashing, bathing and showering

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30
Q

Examples of waterborne diseaes

A

Gastroenteritis
Diarrhoea
Dysentery
Cholera

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31
Q

Access to sanitation

A

Refers to the provision of facilities and services for safe disposal of human urine and faeces

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32
Q

Why we need sanitation

A

To maintain hygienic conditions such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal

Open defecation can end up in water sources and contaminate it

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33
Q

A simple communal toilet facility, often a trench dug in the ground or a pit

A

Latrine

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34
Q

Living on less than than US $1.90 per day

A

Extreme poverty

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35
Q

When conditions associated with both poverty and wealth exist side-by-side in one community (e.g. malnutrition and obesity)

A

Double burden

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36
Q

Those living on less than 50% of their country’s average income

A

Relative poverty

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37
Q

Refers to deprivation of resources to meet basic needs like food, clothing and shelter

A

Poverty

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38
Q

What is poverty

A

Education
Healthcare
Adequate housing
Government services (e.g. social protection and infrastructure)
Nutritious food
Clean water and sanitation

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39
Q

A communicable disease transmitted by mosquitoes

A

Malaria

40
Q

Can be described as transforming the different societies of the world into one global society

A

Globalisation

41
Q

When a person or group of people are treated differently than others due to various reasosn

A

Discrimination

42
Q

A communicable disease you can catch from contaminated water

A

Cholera

43
Q

The process of eliminating contact between human and hazardous waste

A

Sanitation

44
Q
A
45
Q

Common forms of discrimination (GRRSS)

A

Gender identity
Race
Religion
Sex
Sexual orientation

46
Q

Define human rights

A

The freedoms and conditions that every person is entitled to

47
Q

The state of not being equal, especially in status and opportunities

A

Inequality

48
Q

When a person or group of people are treated differently than other people, often on the grounds of Race, Religion, Sex, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (GRRSS)

A

Discrimination

49
Q

When a person is treated less favourably by another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status

A

Racial discrimination

50
Q

Based on religion or beliefs not allowing human rights and minimising access to education, health services and employment

A

Religious discrimination

51
Q

Gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing heat. Examples of this gas include carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons (used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays)

A

Greenhouse gases

52
Q

A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles

A

Glacier

53
Q

The variety of different plants, animals and micro-organisms, their genes and the ecosystems of which they are a part

A

Biodiversity

54
Q

An underground layer of rock, sediment or soil that contains water

A

Aquifers

55
Q

Plants that remove salt, especially from sea water so that it can be used for drinking or irrigation

A

Desalination plants

56
Q

The decrease in the pH levels of the ocean that occurs when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with the sea water

A

Acidification

57
Q

A community of living things and the non-living components of the environment in which they live. Can include plants, animals, micro-organisms, water, air, soil and rocks

A

Ecosystem

58
Q

The process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals, groups and companies to act on a global scale

A

Globalisation

59
Q

Those who are forced to leave their home because of war or persecution

A

Displaced people

60
Q

A person seeking international protection and whose refugee status is yet to be determined

A

Asylum-seekers

61
Q

A situation where a person does not have citizenship of any country. These individuals have no protection of their human, social or political rights and cannot access education or healthcare or have freedom of movement

A

Statelessness

62
Q

Provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, but can also refer to the maintenance of hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal

A

Sanitation

63
Q

If a question asks for ‘factors’, what do you talk about?

A

PIGSS

64
Q

PIGSS

A

Poverty
Inequality and discrimination
Global distribution
Sanitation
Safe water

65
Q

Poverty

A

Refers to the deprivation of resources to meet basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter

66
Q

Extreme poverty

A

Those living on less than USD $1.90 a day

67
Q

Explain discrimination

A

Unjust treatment and the violation of rights of an individual due to factors such as their age, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status

68
Q

Globalisation

A

Globalisation is the process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated, allowing individuals, groups and companies to act on a global scale

69
Q

The process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated, allowing individuals, groups and companies to act on a global scale

A

Globalisation

70
Q

Global distribution and marketing

A

The advertising, selling and delivery of products on a global scale; for example the global marketing of alcohol, tobacco and processed foods

71
Q

The advertising, selling and delivery of products on a global scale; for example the global marketing of alcohol, tobacco and processed foods

A

Global distribution and marketing

72
Q

When a question asks ‘similarities and differences in health status and burden of disease’, what do you talk about

A

PIGSS

73
Q

HDI

A

Human Development Index

74
Q

Dimensions of the Human Development Index (HDI)

A

A long and healthy life
Knowledge
A decent standard of living

75
Q

Indicators of the Human Development Index (HDI)

A

Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
Gross National Income per capita

76
Q

Indicator for a long and healthy life

A

Life expectancy at birth

77
Q

Indicators for knowledge

A

Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling

78
Q

Indicator for a decent standard of living

A

Gross National Income per capita

79
Q

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

A

Sustainability

80
Q

Define sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

81
Q

Who created the Human Development Index (HDI)

A

United Nations

82
Q

Infectious diseases which are transmitted from the environment, such as air, water, food and other infected organisms including humans (e.g. HIV/aids, malaria, diarrhoeal diseases)

A

Communicable diseases

83
Q

Communicable diseases

A

Infectious diseases which are transmitted from the environment, such as air, water, food and other infected organisms including humans (e.g. HIV/aids, malaria, diarrhoeal diseases)

84
Q

Conditions or diseases that are usually long-lasting and generally progress slowly, also known as lifestyle diseases. They are not spread throughout the environment (e.g. cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes)

A

Non-communicable diseases

85
Q

Non-communicable diseases

A

Conditions or diseases that are usually long-lasting and generally progress slowly, also known as lifestyle diseases. They are not spread throughout the environment (e.g. cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes)

86
Q

A country that has not progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators

A

Low income country

87
Q

Define low income country

A

A country that has not progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators

88
Q

A country that has progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators

A

High income country

89
Q

Define high income country

A

A country that has progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators

90
Q

Patterns of social, environmental and economic activity that have an affect at some stage in the future and require action to be taken at a global level

A

Global trends

91
Q

Implications for health and wellbeing of climate change (RECC)

A

Climate change
Rising sea levels
Changing weather patterns
Extreme weather events

92
Q

Implications for health and wellbeing of conflict and mass migration (MC)

A

Conflict
Mass migration

93
Q

Implications for health and wellbeing of world trade and tourism (WT)

A

World trade
Tourism

94
Q

Implications for health and wellbeing of digital technologies (DC)

A

Digital technologies
Challenges of digital technologies

95
Q

Economic sustainability (JITE)

A

Job creation
Innovation and diversity of industries
Trade
Economic growth

96
Q

Social sustainability (PPEGA)

A

Peace and security
Promotion of political and legal right
Elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems
Gender equality
Access to safe and decent working conditions

97
Q

Environmental sustainability (WUBC)

A

Waste removal and pollution
Use of natural resources
Biodiversity
Climate change

Health and Human Development (5 decks)

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