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Health and Human Development > Health and Wellbeing in a Global Context > Flashcards

Health and Wellbeing in a Global Context Flashcards

1
Q

Human Development characteristics (PLEAD)

A

Participate in their community and decisions affecting their lives
Lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests
Expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities
Access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living
Develop to their full potential

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2
Q

Human Development characteristics - P

A

Participate in their community and decisions affecting their lives

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3
Q

Human Development characteristics - L

A

Lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests

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4
Q

Human Development characteristics - E

A

Expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities

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5
Q

Human Development characteristics - A

A

Access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living

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6
Q

Human Development characteristics - D

A

Develop to their full potential

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7
Q

What is GNI

A

Gross National Income

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8
Q

How do we classify countries

A

High income country
Middle income country
Low income country

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9
Q

Why classifying countries are important

A

Guiding policies and interventions to improve health and wellbeing experienced

To identify issues in other countries and provide assistance if necessary

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10
Q

Characteristics of high, middle and low income countries (SEE)

A

Social
Economical
Environmental

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11
Q

Who developed the MODERN classification system of countries

A

WORLD BANK

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12
Q

High income GNI per capita range

A

$12, 696 or more

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13
Q

Upper-middle income GNI per capita range

A

$4,096 - $12,695

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14
Q

Lower-middle income GNI per capita range

A

$1,046 - $4,095

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15
Q

Middle income GNI per capita range

A

$1,046 - $12,695

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16
Q

Low income GNI per capita range

A

$1045 or less

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17
Q

High income countries

A

Australia, Canada, USA

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18
Q

Upper-middle income countries

A

China, Russian Federation, Turkey

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19
Q

Lower-middle income countries

A

India, Pakistan, Cambodia

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20
Q

Low income countries

A

Chad, Zimbabwe, Uganda

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21
Q

What is poverty

A

A term commonly used to describe the lack of access to resources, often as a result of a lack of access to money, can be expressed as the proportion of those with incomes less than US $1.90 per day (extreme poverty wage)

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22
Q

Economic characteristics (PRAG)

A

Poverty
Range of industries
Average income
Global trade

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23
Q

What does global trade rely on

A

Relies on infrastructure such as roads, ports and airports which high income countries have, allowing transportation of goods

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24
Q

Identify characteristics common among low income countries relating to economics

A

Often have low average incomes
Infrastructure is often underdeveloped
Very few trade industries
Greater proportion of extreme poverty compared to high income countries

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25
Q

Social characteristics (THEEGBSL)

A

Technology
Health systems
Employment
Education
Gender equality
Birth rates & population growth
Social security systems
Legal systems

26
Q
A
27
Q

Factors that contribute to similarities and differences in health status and burden of disease (PIGSS)

A

Poverty
Inequality and discrimination
Global distribution and marketing
Safe water
Sanitation

28
Q

Access to safe water

A

Refers to water that is not contaminated with disease-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, or chemicals such as lead or mercury

29
Q

Why we need safe water

A

Consumption - essential for optimal functioning of every cell in the body. Body cannot store water for later use, so must be consumed regularly

Washing and hygiene- clean water is required to maintain high levels of personal hygiene and prevents infection through handwashing, bathing and showering

30
Q

Examples of waterborne diseaes

A

Gastroenteritis
Diarrhoea
Dysentery
Cholera

31
Q

Access to sanitation

A

Refers to the provision of facilities and services for safe disposal of human urine and faeces

32
Q

Why we need sanitation

A

To maintain hygienic conditions such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal

Open defecation can end up in water sources and contaminate it

33
Q

A simple communal toilet facility, often a trench dug in the ground or a pit

A

Latrine

34
Q

Living on less than than US $1.90 per day

A

Extreme poverty

35
Q

When conditions associated with both poverty and wealth exist side-by-side in one community (e.g. malnutrition and obesity)

A

Double burden

36
Q

Those living on less than 50% of their country’s average income

A

Relative poverty

37
Q

Refers to deprivation of resources to meet basic needs like food, clothing and shelter

A

Poverty

38
Q

What is poverty

A

Education
Healthcare
Adequate housing
Government services (e.g. social protection and infrastructure)
Nutritious food
Clean water and sanitation

39
Q

A communicable disease transmitted by mosquitoes

A

Malaria

40
Q

Can be described as transforming the different societies of the world into one global society

A

Globalisation

41
Q

When a person or group of people are treated differently than others due to various reasosn

A

Discrimination

42
Q

A communicable disease you can catch from contaminated water

A

Cholera

43
Q

The process of eliminating contact between human and hazardous waste

A

Sanitation

44
Q
A
45
Q

Common forms of discrimination (GRRSS)

A

Gender identity
Race
Religion
Sex
Sexual orientation

46
Q

Define human rights

A

The freedoms and conditions that every person is entitled to

47
Q

The state of not being equal, especially in status and opportunities

A

Inequality

48
Q

When a person or group of people are treated differently than other people, often on the grounds of Race, Religion, Sex, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (GRRSS)

A

Discrimination

49
Q

When a person is treated less favourably by another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status

A

Racial discrimination

50
Q

Based on religion or beliefs not allowing human rights and minimising access to education, health services and employment

A

Religious discrimination

51
Q

Gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing heat. Examples of this gas include carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons (used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays)

A

Greenhouse gases

52
Q

A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles

A

Glacier

53
Q

The variety of different plants, animals and micro-organisms, their genes and the ecosystems of which they are a part

A

Biodiversity

54
Q

An underground layer of rock, sediment or soil that contains water

A

Aquifers

55
Q

Plants that remove salt, especially from sea water so that it can be used for drinking or irrigation

A

Desalination plants

56
Q

The decrease in the pH levels of the ocean that occurs when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with the sea water

A

Acidification

57
Q

A community of living things and the non-living components of the environment in which they live. Can include plants, animals, micro-organisms, water, air, soil and rocks

A

Ecosystem

58
Q

Globalisation

A

The process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals, groups and companies to act on a global scale

59
Q

Those who are forced to leave their home because of war or persecution

A

Displaced people

60
Q

A person seeking international protection and whose refugee status is yet to be determined

A

Asylum-seekers

61
Q

A situation where a person does not have citizenship of any country. These individuals have no protection of their human, social or political rights and cannot access education or healthcare or have freedom of movement

A

Statelessness

62
Q
A

Health and Human Development (3 decks)

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