Health and the People: 1800-1900 C19th Changes Flashcards
Who discovered the germ theory?
Louis Pasteur
What was the infant mortality rate in 1899?
142 out of every 1000 died
What did Robert Koch do to bacteria to make it easier to see under a microscope?
Stained it purple
What factors increased death rates during the early use of anaesthetics?
Surgeons wearing dirty clothes, operations carried out in unhygienic places e.g patient’s house and dirty operating instruments
Which war was Florence Nightingale a nurse in?
The Crimean War
Who wrote the famous book ‘The Book of Household Management’?
Mrs Beeton
What controls were put into place to monitor the production of medicines?
None
Who was the first female Dr?
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
What did James Simpson introduce?
Chloroform
Who popularised the use of chloroform?
Queen Victoria - the birth of her eighth child in 1853
Who first used carbolic acid as an antiseptic?
Joseph Lister
What was ‘phossy jaw’?
Fumes from factories making match sticks saw the phosphorous cause jaws to be eaten away or to glow greenish-white in the dark.
In what year was the first Cholera outbreak?
1831
Who investigated Cholera to find out what caused it?
John Snow.
Who ensured it was compulsory to register births, marriages and deaths?
William Farr
Who wrote the report ‘Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population’?
Edwin Chadwick
What year was the Great Stink?
1858
Who created the sewer system?
Joseph Bazalgette
What was the Great Stink?
Hot summer of 1858 where sewage and dirty water overflowed from the Thames.
What did the Second Reform Act in 1867 mean?
Gave nearly 1 million more men the vote most of whom were industrial workers
What did Edwin Chadwick’s report conclude?
He concluded that people needed clean water and the removal of sewage and rubbish to stay healthy.
What is the definition of Laissez-faire
The policy of leaving things to take their own course, without interfering.
Who were the ‘Edinburgh 7’?
A group of women including Sophia Jex Blake who studied medicine at Edinburgh University.
How did Koch further develop the work of Louis Pasteur?
Koch perfected a better way of growing bacteria and a way of staining bacteria so that they could be observed more easily.
When was the first x-ray machine used?
1895
Why was the introduction of gelatin/gelatine capsules for medicine important?
This allowed for more accurate doses of medicine to be taken.
In what year was the General Medical Council established to regulate the profession?
1858
