health and the people Flashcards
what were living conditions like in the countryside (medieval)
peasants had little to eat and lived off pottage
a fungus called ergot grew on rye causing disease
drinking water was from wells and streams shared by live stock
people dug cesspits to bury their waste
what % of people lived in the countryside (medieval)
90%
what year was the great famine
1315
what % of people were killed in the 1315 famine
10%
what did the rich mainly eat? (medieval)
meat and very few vegetables
what did peasants live in (medieval)
one room hovels with no chimney
what was the medieval time period
1250-1500
what were living conditions like in towns (medieval)
towns were smaller and crowded
some conduits brought water to town centre
market towns were polluted with waste
by 1500 most towns employed rakers to clear waste
town children suffered sinus problems due to bad air
houses shared a latrine which was emptied by gongfermers
what year was the black death
1348
how many people did the black death kill
40%
what did medieval people think caused the black death
punishment from god
miasma
touch
realignment of the planets
what did the king order in 1349
streets of London to be cleaned
how did people ‘prevent’ the black death
prayer
going to church
flagellants
burned scented wood
avoid baths
doctors ran away
what attempts were made to improve public health by church and towns (medieval)
monasteries built clean places
Bristol removed dung heaps
guilds to check quality of meat
fines for dumping waste into the Thames
king did not care
what is the time period of the early modern
1500-1750
what were living conditions like in the countryside (early modern)
farming methods become better
still famines
coal industry grew
towns doubled as people migrated towns
what were the new products brought from America (early modern)
potatoes
peppers
coffee
sugar
what did the coal industries cause
more respiratory illnesses
what was living conditions like in towns (early modern)
bigger
more stone houses
animals still roamed the streets
piped water into the homes of the rich
waste ended in dunghills
where did poor people live in the early modern towns
overcrowded hovels that were damp
how did the poor get water in early modern towns
water sellers
conduits
what year was the great plague
1665
how many people did the great plague kill in london
100 000
what did the plague orders do
closed theatres
cats and dogs killed
bodies collected on a night for mass graves
how many plague orders were passed in 1578
17
what stopped the gin craze
1751 gin act
people deported to Australia
killed
what did people do to improve public health
towns passed more laws
York had to clean its streets twice a week
the centre of London was built more spaciously after the great fire of london
what year was the great fire of london
1666
what was the time period for the industrial revolution
1750-1900
who had the first germ theory
louis Pasteur
problems with housing (industrial)
towns grew rapidly
terrible overcrowding
limited fresh food
poison from food
in Liverpool 1840 how many people lived in cellars
40 000
which diseases spread easily among people (industrial)
typhus
TB
what was the problem with water and waste
water companies set up pumps in the street
biggest problem was caused by waste
middle class had flushing water that went into rivers
what attitude did the government have (industrial)
laissez-faire
Responses to cholera outbreak
terrified of symptoms
people attacked cholera hospital in Leeds
government called a day of prayer
towns burned barrels to get rid of miasma
slow scientific discoveries
who discovered the cause of cholera
john snow
what did Chadwick’s report do
created the first non compulsory public health act
how did the great stink become ‘solved’
Bazalgette built the london sewer system
what year did working class men get the vote
1867
what did the 1875 public health act force people to do
build sewers for clean water
what was the time period of the modern period
1900-now
what was the housing act 1919
made the council build council houses
by 1975 what % of people lived in council houses
42%
what did WW2 rationing do
improved diets for a few years
how many houses were destroyed in WW2
475 000
what happened in 1956
clean air act
what is the problem with modern life style
not active enough
leading to heart problems
what was changed in a modern food
fridges
food canned
fast food
was there any problem with water after industrial period
no due to the sewer system made by joseph basalguette
what changed in waste in the modern period
smoking was the only problem so they created the clean air act 1950s
what was housing like in the modern period
no more slums
council homes
what were the governments campaigns in modern period
smoking - lung cancer
lifestyle - obesity
what caused obesity
change in lifestyle
- cars
- fast food
what were the medieval factors affecting health
king was not bothered
no scientific understanding
no taxes
what were the early modern factors affecting health
reformation
plague orders made by Henry VIII and Elizabeth
what were the industrial factors affecting health
laissez-faire gov
scientific understanding
votes
germ theory
reformers calling for change
what were the modern factors affecting health
lifestyle
government
scientific understanding
what years was the spanish flu
1918-1919
why did the government act so slow toward the spanish flu
because of the war
what did the chief medical officer do about the spanish flu
he acted too slow
local authority made advice
-face covering
-isolation
-porridge
chief officer created a film but there wasn’t enough
what is AIDs
caused from sharing bodily fluids
HIV turns into AIDs
what was the first phase of AIDs
7 people die in the england
terrance higgins trust
caused by blood transfusions
media called it the gay plague
what was the second phase of AIDs
misinformation from gov
RCON - 1 million cases by 1991
OTT advice
what was the third phase of AIDs
1986
testing, needle exchanges, gov advice
princess diana hugs AIDs patients
shows its not caused through touch
what was the fourth phase of AIDs
acceptance - east enders
freddie mercury death
1995 only 25 000 cases
what was the fifth phase of AIDs
1996 - antiretrovirals
midlead - people thought it was a cure
what did hippocrates do
4 houmors
if unbalanced you become ill
what did louis pasteur do
germ theory
non compulsary public health act 1875
what did john snow do
establish what caused cholera
proven at soho water pump
what did joseph basalguette do
created the london sewers still used today
after the great stink in london
what did edwin chadwick do
he proposed that drains and sewers should be added
1748 public health act
