Health and Social- Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What is the function of hormones in the body

Answer 1

Hormones carry messages through the blood to the organs, muscles, tissue and the skin. The signals tell the body what do to and when to do it.

Question 2

What is the function of the Pituitary gland

Answer 2

Also known as the hypophysis gland is a pea-sized gland located below the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland also tells other endocrine system glands to release hormones

Question 3

What is the function of the Thymus

Answer 3

The Thymus makes white blood cells called T lymphocytes.( also to help fight infections).

Question 4

The central nervous system

Answer 4

the central nervous system is the control centre for the body; it consists of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord connects the brain, by long lines of individual nerve cells, to every area in the body

Question 5

Spinal cord

Answer 5

The spinal cord is protected by specialised bones names vertebrae. These bones have a hollow centre through which the spinal cord runs. It transmits information to and from the brain through structures called nerves.

Question 6

Autonomic system

Answer 6

The autonomic system controls and regulates processes such as heart rate and gut movements( peristalsis). These actions are automatic- unconsciously controlled

Question 7

Sensory and motor neurones( somatic nervous sytem)

Answer 7

Sensory nerves transmit information from the senses- the eyes, ears etc- to the brain.
Motor nerves transmit information to the muscles from the brain.
The sensory and motor nerve pathways work together, for example, when picking up something, such as a pen.

Question 8

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 8

All the nerves outside the central nervous system make up the peripheral nervous system. It relays information from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body, and the reverse information from the body to the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nerves include autonomic, sensory and motor nerves.

Question 9

Cerebal cortex

Answer 9

The cereal cortex is the wrinkly, outermost layer of the brain, responsible for thinking and processing sensory information from the body.There are four lobes, each responsible for processing different types of information. it is made of tightly packed neurones.

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

Positioned at the back of the skull, the cerebellum co-ordinates and regulates muscle activity. For example gross and fine motor skills such as walking and writing. It is also involved in the control of muscles to maintain balance.

Question 11

Frontal lobe

Answer 11

The frontal lobes carry out higher level mental processes such as thinking, decision-making and planning

Question 12

Corpus callous

Answer 12

The corpus callous is a bridge of nerve tissue that connects the two halves of the brain and enables communication between the two.

Question 13

Digestive role of the pancreatic juice

Answer 13

• The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine in pancreatic juice
  -The pancreas juices that are released into the duodenum help the body to digest fats.
• the pancreatic juices are released into a system of ducts that culminate in the main pancreatic duct.

Question 14

Digestive role of bile

Answer 14

• bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver
• it helps the body absorb fat into the bloodstream
  -it is stored in the gallbladder until the body needs it to digest fats
• it enters the small intestine through the bile duct
• bile emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid.

Question 15

Absorption( and adaption for the intestine walls for absorptions)

Answer 15

Absorption refers to how the nutrients extracted from food are absorbed into the bloodstream. This occurs in the small intestine.
- Villi and microvilli, which are finger-like projections, increase the surface area of the small intestine wall to enable efficient absorption

Question 16

Absorption

Answer 16

Villi contain blood vessels and lacteal
- products of fat digestion enter lacteal
- nutrients enter by diffusion
- everything else enters the blood.

Question 17

The role of the liver in assimilation

Answer 17

• Assimilation is the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, so that they become part of these cells.
• excess glucose in the blood reaching the liver is converted into glycogen to be stored or broken down through respiration, producing energy
• The liver is where toxins such as alcohol are broken down

Question 18

Lacteal

Answer 18

lymphatic capillaries that absorb dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine