Health and lifestyle

Question 1

What are nutrients?

Answer 1

Nutrients are chemicals found in food.

Question 2

What does a carbohydrate do?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates give us energy

eg sugar, starch, fibre

Question 3

What does protein do?

Answer 3

Protein allows growth and repair body tissue

Question 4

Examples of vitamins

Answer 4

A,B,C,D,K
Vitamin C is for healthy skin and gums
Vitamin D is for strong bones and teeth

Question 5

Examples of minerals

Answer 5

Iron helps to make red blood cells

Calcium needed for healthy bones and teeth.

Question 6

What does a lipids (fats) do?

Answer 6

They provide energy and insulation

Question 7

There are 6 main food nutrients. What are they?

Answer 7

Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, lipids and water.

Question 8

Information on balanced diets

Answer 8

A balanced diet is when you eat the foods that have the right percentage of nutrients for you. This can be due to your age, gender and activity.

Question 9

How does an unhealthy diet cause health issues?

Answer 9

In the short term, poor nutrition can contribute to stress, tiredness and our capacity to work, and over time, it can contribute to the risk of developing some illnesses and other health problems such as: being overweight or obese. tooth decay. high blood pressure.

Question 10

The meaning of positive and negative results in food tests

Answer 10

If the food changes colour that means the test is positive (the substance is found in the food). If the food stays the same colour the test is negative (the substance isn’t found in the food.

Question 11

Why do different people need different amounts of energy?

Answer 11

The amount of energy an individual needs is based in their gender, how much exercise they do and the amount of time they sleep.

Question 12

Why does food need to be digested?

Answer 12

Food needs to be digested as your body needs to get all the nutrients out of the food and into your body.

Question 13

What are the different parts of the digestive system.

Answer 13

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus

Question 14

What does the mouth do?

Answer 14

Breaks down food physically with teeth. Enzymes in saliva break it down.

Question 15

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 15

This is where the food goes from the mouth to stomach by muscular contractions called ‘peristalsis’

Question 16

What does the stomach do?

Answer 16

The stomach churns the food with stomach acid (hydraulic acid) and digestive enzymes.

Question 17

What does the liver do?

Answer 17

The liver produces a green liquid called bile. It reduces the stomach acid and helps break down fats.

Question 18

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 18

The gall bladder stores bile and releases it into the small intestines.

Question 19

What does the pancreas do ?

Answer 19

A gland that produces digestive enzymes that help break down food.

Question 20

What do the small intestines do?

Answer 20

The small intestines break down the food further with enzymes and where digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 21

What do the large intestines do?

Answer 21

The large intestines is where water is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. It also passes the undigested food to the rectum.

Question 22

What does the rectum do?

Answer 22

The rectum is where the faeces (poo) is stored.

Question 23

What does the anus do?

Answer 23

The anus is a muscular passage that passes out the faeces (poo).

Question 24

how the small intestine is adapted to provide a large surface area for maximum nutrient absorption.

Answer 24

The small intestines have villi in the inside that maximises the surface area to maximise nutrient absorption.

Question 25

How do enzymes affect the rate of digestion.

Answer 25

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of digestion (and other reactions).
Digestive enzymes speed up the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids (fats)

Question 26

What are carbohydrase?

Answer 26

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 27

What are protease?

Answer 27

Enzymes that break protein into amino acids

Question 28

What do lipase do?

Answer 28

Enzymes the break fat into 3 fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 29

How can drugs and alcohol affect people’s health?

Answer 29

Drugs are something that when consumed alter the usual function of your body.
Some examples are depressants, stimulants, painkillers, hallucinogens and performance enhancers.
Alcohol contains a depressant drug called ethanol. Alcohol slows down/decreases your brain activity and nervous system. This can lead to lack of self control.

Question 30

Whats are the affects of nicotine?

Answer 30

Nicotine is an addictive stimulant drug that speeds up the heart rate.

Question 31

What are the affects of carbon monoxide?

Answer 31

This binds to red blood cells. It reduces the amount of oxygen the red blood cell can carry.

Question 32

What are the affects of tar?

Answer 32

A sticky brown substance that is deposited in the lungs. It is a carcinogen (causes cancer).

Question 33

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 33

Starch, sugar and fibre.

Question 34

How can smoking cause disease?

Answer 34

Cancer- cancer is when cells in specific part of the body start to reproduce uncontrollably
Bronchitis- is an infection of the main airways of the lungs
Smoking cough- is a persistent cough that develops in long-term smokers.
emphysema- is a long - term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over inflation of the alveoli (air sacs).