Health And Lifestyle Flashcards
What is a carbonhydrate and what are some sources of it ?
Fuel for the body; more should be consumed if active or growing.
Pasta ,potatoes ,cous cous, bread, brown rice.
What is protein and what are some of the sources of it?
Needed for growth and repair. Meat ,eggs, fish ,walnuts
What are lipids and what are they and what are some sources of it?
Lipids have more energy, stored in case, not enough carbonhydrates are consumed. Some sources of it are butter, cream ,cooking oil
What are vitamins and minerals and what are some of the sources?
 Vitamins and minerals Keep many vital processes happening including growth and health
What does fibre help with in your body and what are some of the sources of it?
Fibre has food move through your digestive system,(intestines),avoiding constipation.
Some of the sources are vegetables, fruit, walnuts, cereals, and oats .
How does water help your body and what are some of the sources of it?
Without water you can very quicklydie. All chemical reactions happen in water for example, digestion.
How do you workout your daily basic energy requirement?
For every kilogram of body mass you need 5.4 kJ of energy every hour. This is the basic energy requirement (BER) needed to maintain essential, bodily functions.
You calculate it like this:
Dailey BER (kj/day)= 5.4×24 hours times body-mass (kg)
For example, a 50 kg person requires 5.4 × 24 × 50 = 6480 kJ per day
What is obesity?
If you taken more energy from your diet, then you use up your body will store the extra energy as fat, so you will put on weight
What is starvation?
Not getting enough food to eat. Some effects of starvation include slow growth, being more likely to get infections and irregular periods in a woman.
What are Deficiency diseases
It causes problems with the skin joints and gums. For example, the lack of vitamin C can cause scurvy.
Define digestive system
Organ system with food is taken to the body,broken down , and absorbed into the blood
Define drug
A chemical that affects the way your body works
The role of the mouth
Digestion starts here, it digests mechanically, and chemically
The role of the oesophagus
Links to mouth to the stomach in a wave like movement called peristalsis.
The role of the liver liver
Makes bile which emulsifies lipids . it’s also alkaline to give the right pH for the enzymes in the small intestine?
The role of the stomach
The food is churned up
The food mixes with protease( an enzyme bracket ) hydrochloric acid is present to kill harmful bacteria.
The role of the pancreas
The pancreas creates three enzymes:
protease =which digests proteins
Carbohydrase= which digest carbohydrates
Lipase= which digests lipids.
What is the role of the small, small intestine?
It produces more enzymes to further digest, protein, carbohydrates and lipids. Food is also absorbed through the gut wall into the blood, which then takes around the body,
What is the role of the large intestine?
Absorbs water, so we don’t all shrivel up
What is the role of the rectum?
The undigested food is stored as faeces here the digestion story ends when it plops out of the anus - egestion
For food molecules to be absorbed in the gut wall. What kind of organ is needed for this to happen?
Villi
What are villi?
The small intestine is lined with tiny finger like projections called Vili.
Why are villi perfect for absorption of food molecules?
Reason one, they have a thin outer layer of cells. This means the molecules don’t have far to travel to get into the blood.
Reason tow to they have a good blood supply. This allows the food to be absorbed into the blood easily and transported to other cells in the body
Reason, three They provide a large surface area for absorption. This increases the number of molecules that can be a absorbed at the same time.
Define respiration
The release of energy from glucose in the mitochondria
