Health And Lifestyle

Question 1

What is a nutrient?

Answer 1

Nutrients are important substances that your body needs to survive and stay healthy. There are different types of nutrients. We get most of them from food.

Question 2

What are the functions of carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibre in our diet?

Answer 2

• carbohydrates provide energy
• lipids (fats and oils) provide energy
• proteins are used for growth and repair
• vitamins keep you healthy
• minerals keep you healthy
• water is needed in all cells and body fluids
• fibre provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut.
  (Fibre is not a nutrient but it is important for a healthy diet.)

Question 3

What factors does a balanced diet depend on?

Answer 3

Age, gender, activity level etc

Question 4

What can a unhealthy diet cause you to be and what could these increase the risk of?

Answer 4

Underweight : Increase the risk of: poor immune system, lack of energy, lack of vitamins and minerals

Overweight : Increase the risk of: heart disease, stroke, diabetes, some cancers

Vitamin and mineral deficient : Increase the risk of: Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, Vitamin D defiency can lead to rickets

Question 5

How do you know if a food test is positive or negative?

Answer 5

The food solution should change colour.

Question 6

How do you test for starch?

Answer 6

Add a few drops of iodine solution to the food solution.
If the solution turns a dark blue-black colour, the food contains starch.

Question 7

How do you test for lipids in a solid piece of food?

Answer 7

Rub some of the food onto a piece of filter paper.
Hold the paper up to the light.
If the paper has gone translucent, the food contains lipids.

Question 8

How do you test for lipids in a food solution?

Answer 8

Add a few drops of ethanol to the food solution.
Shake the test tube and leave for one minute.
Pour the ethanol into a test tube of water.
If the solution turns cloudy, the food contains lipids.

Question 9

How do you test for sugar?

Answer 9

Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution to the food solution.
Heat the test tube in a water bath.
If the solution turns orange-red, the food contains sugar.

Question 10

How do you test for protein?

Answer 10

Add a few drops of copper sulfate solution to your food solution.
Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution.
If the solution turns purple, the food contains protein.

Question 11

Why do different people need different amounts of energy?

Answer 11

The amount of energy you need depends on your age (as this affects your growth rate), your body size, and how active you are. The more exercise you do, the more energy your body requires.

Question 12

Why does food need to be digested?

Answer 12

Because the nutrients in most of the food you eat are large molecules, like lipids and proteins and during digestion these large molecules are broken down into small molecules of nutrients so they can then pass into the blood where they are used by the body.

Question 13

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 13

Food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Teeth help to break the food into smaller chunks.

Question 14

What is the funtion of the gullet?

Answer 14

Food passes down this tube.

Question 15

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 15

Food is mixed with digestive juices and acids.

Question 16

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 16

Digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are added and digestion is completed. Small molecules of nutrients pass through the intestine wall into the bloodstream.

Question 17

What is the funtion of the large intestine?

Answer 17

Only food that cannot be digested gets this far. Water passes back into the body, leaving a solid waste of undigested food called feces.

Question 18

What is the funtion of the rectum?

Answer 18

Feces are stored here until they leave the body.

Question 19

What is the funtion of the anus?

Answer 19

This is a muscular ring through which feces pass out of the body.

Question 20

What is the funtion of the pancreas?

Answer 20

It makes enzymes

Question 21

What is the funtion of the liver?

Answer 21

Makes bile

Question 22

What is the funtion of the gall baldder?

Answer 22

Stores bile

Question 23

What is the funtion of the bile duct?

Answer 23

Bile travels to small intestine

Question 24

What organ is A?

Answer 24

Mouth

Question 25

What organ is B?

Answer 25

Gullet

Question 26

What letter is the stomach?

Answer 26

C

Question 27

What letter is the large intestine?

Answer 27

E

Question 28

What organ is D?

Answer 28

The small intestine

Question 29

What organ is F?

Answer 29

The rectum

Question 30

How is the small intestine adapted for maximum nutrient absorption?

Answer 30

The small intestine needs to absorb the nutrients quickly, before the undigested food passes out of the body. The small intestine is specially adapted to this function. The wall of the small intestine is thin. It is also covered with tiny structures called villi. These stick out of the wall and give it a big surface area. They also contain blood capillaries to carry away the absorbed food molecules.

Question 31

How do enzymes affect the rate of digestion?

Answer 31

They speed up the rate of digestion because they break down the large molecules into small molecules.

Question 32

How do drugs and alcohol affect people’s health and behavior?

Answer 32

Drugs are chemical substances that affect the way your body works. They alter the chemical reactions that take place inside your body. Sometimes these changes are helpful but in many cases they are harmful.
For example:
• alcohol - drinking alcohol affects your nervous system and damages your liver.
• tobacco - smoking significantly increases your risk of cancer, as well as lung and heart disease.

Question 33

What are the affects of nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar in cigarette smoke?

Answer 33

• tar - a sticky black material that collects in the lungs. It irritates and narrows the airways. Some of the chemicals it contains cause cancer.
• nicotine - an addictive drug that speeds up the nervous system. It is a stimulant, which makes the heart beat faster and narrows blood vessels.
• carbon monoxide - a poisonous gas that stops the blood from carrying as much oxygen as it should. It binds to the red blood cells in the place of oxygen.

Question 34

How can smoking cause disease?

Answer 34

Heart disease - smoking causes a person’s arteries to become blocked which prevents blood flowing properly, and can cause a heart attack or stroke.
Emphysema - whent he walls of the alveoli are weakend meaning less oxygen can pass into the blood.
Respiratory infections - Chemicals in tobacco smoke stop the cilia from moving. This allows mucus to flow into your lungs, making it harder to breathe and often causing infection. Smokers cough this mucus up, which can damage the lungs further.