Health And Lifestyle Flashcards
What is a nutrient?
It is an important substance that your body needs to survive and stay healthy.
What is the funtion of carbohydrates and what food provides them?
Main source of energy.
Sugary foods - sugar and fruit
Starchy foods - pasta and bread.
What is the function of lipids and where are they from?
Fats and oils that provide energy.
Keep you warm
Protect organs.
What job do proteins do and what food are they in?
Used for growth and repair.
Meat, fish, eggs.
What about water?
70% of cells made of water.
Needed in all cells and bodily fluids.
What is the function of minerals and vitamins?
Essential in small amounts to keep you healthy.
Vit A - good eyesight
Vit D and calcium - healthy teeth and bones.
What is the function of fibre and where do I find that?
Provides bulk to keep food moving through the gut - not a nutrient
What does a balanced diet depend on?
Your age, gender, activity level
How can an unhealthy diet cause health issues?
Eaten wrong amount or types of food.
Underweight
Overweight
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
What is the food test for starch?
Iodine
If it turns dark blue-black startch present
What is the food test for lipids?
Filter paper
If paper is translucent, food contains lipids.
Food solution use ethanol - turns cloudy food contains lipids.
What is the food test for sugar?
Benedict’s solution
If it turns orange-red, food contains sugar.
What is the food test for protein?
Copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide.
If solution turns purple, protein is present.
Why does food have to be digested?
During digestion, molecules broken down so the nutrients can pass into the blood where they are used by the body.
How is the small intestine adapted to provide a large surface area for maximum nutrient absorption?
Wall of small intestine is covered by tiny structures called villi.They stick out of the wall and give it a big surface area.
Name parts of the digestive system and their functions in order
Mouth - food chewed mixed with saliva.
Gullet - food passes down this tube.
Stomach - food mixed with digestives and acids.
Small intestine - digestive juices are added. Small molecules of nutrients pass through the intestine wall into the bloodstream.
Large intestine - food that cannot be digested. Solid waste - feces left.
Rectum - feces stored here.
Anus - muscular ring which feces passes out of the body.
What are enzymes?
Special proteins that break down large molecules into small molecules.
Biological catalysts which speed up digestion.
What are the three main types of enzyme involved in digestion?
Carbohydrates are broken down by carbohydrase into sugar.
Protein is broken down by protease into amino acids.
Lipids are broken down by lipase intonfatty acids and glycerol.
How do drugs and alcohol affect people’s health?
Medicinal ( benefit your health) and recreational drugs ( many cases harmful).
Alcohol is a depressant because it slows down your body’s reactions.
Smoking tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide
Addiction is when your body becomes used to the changes caused by a drug and you need the drug to feel normal.
