health and human aos3 Flashcards
categories of diseases
infectious and parasitic diseases, injury and poisoning, respiratory diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases
what is public health?
organization and collective effort to improve the health status of the entire population, and ways the government monitor, regulate, and promote health status and prevent dieases
who/what do public health forces on
population groups rather than individuals
what is old public health?
focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of diseases
old public health policies and practices
improve water and sanitation, mass immunization programs, safer working conditions, better food and nutrition, and introduction of quarantine laws
the biomedical model
focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease
defining features of the biomedical model of health
it is relatively expensive, it forces on the disease itself, it is responsible for many development in medical technology, it focusses of individuals with disease, not the whole population, it accounts for a large proportion of the health budget.
examples of the biomedical model.
- stitches to assist the healing of a cut or laceration.
- surgery to replace a hip or remove appendix.
- chemotherapy to treat cancer.
- medication to lower blood pressure.
- X-rays to diagnose fractured bones.
strengths of the biomedical model.
- it creates advances in technology and research.
- many common problems can be effectively treated.
- extends life expectancy.
- improves quality of life.
limitations of biomedical model.
- it relies on professional health workers and technology so therefor it is costly.
- it doesn’t promote good health.
- not every condition can be treated.
new public health.
it focusses on the prevention of ill-health among population. has a primary focus on lifestyle diseases, came into effect in the mid 1970s. aims to change unhealthy behaviours by addressing the sociocultural and environmental factors that contribute to inequities in health outcomes.
the social model
it was developed in response to many lifestyle disease increasing and some population groups not experiencing the same improvements in health and wellbeing as the rest of the population.
characteristics of the social model of health
- it is relatively inexpensive.
- prevent diseases.
- it aims to target disadvantaged groups.
- it has 5 key principles.
strengths of social model
- promotes good health and preventing diseases.
- overall health and wellbeing
- relatively inexpensive.
- focuses on vulnerable population groups.
-education can be passed from generation to generation.
limitations of the social model of health.
- not every condition can be prevented.
- does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge.
- it does not address health and wellbeing concerns of individuals.
- health promotion messages may be ignored.
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intersectional collaboration
it made many sectors work together such as health sector, education sector, Government and non-government organisations and includes things like road safety.
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addresses the broader Determination of health
factors such as education, income, occupation, housing, access to health care and cultural barriers play a significant role in health outcomes, such as indigenous health campaigns
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Empowers individuals and communities
embrace health programs if they play a part in the planning and delivery like given skills and resources, such as healthy eating programs at school.
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- acts to increase access to healthcare
many people still lack access to health care for a variety of reasons; cultural, economic, geographic, educational, transport, and language. things such as breast cancer vans that travel around Australia.
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acts to reduce social inequalities.
in order to improve the health and well-being of disadvantaged groups, these inequalities must be specifically targeted. such as welfare payments.
relationship between the biomedical model and the social model
both models of health and well-being and illness from different perspectives. both have strengths and limitations and can both improve health and well-being in ways that the other can’t.
health promotion ottawa charter
enabling people to take control over, and improve their health.
advocate (Ottawa Charter)
many groups within society do not have the same opportunities as the rest of the population. this strategy aims to speak on behalf of these groups so that the influence of health is as favorable as possible. examples are; social media campaigns, publishing Research, and lobbying governments.
enable (Ottawa charter)
this strategy aims to provide people with the knowledge and skills required to take over and improve their health. examples are education, empowering people through campaigns, and access to resources, i.e. housing, food, and equality.
mediate (Ottawa Charter)
different groups in society have different priorities, this strategy aims to work with all groups to ensure the greatest health achievements can be made. mediating between groups to resolve conflicts and improve health outcomes. examples; changes to funding, legislation and laws. i.e reducing speed limits around schools
build healthy public policy (action areas)
laws and policies can be made by governments and non-government organizations that promote health. examples; seatbelt laws, and no hat no play.
create supportive environments
sociocultural and physical environment should be manipulated so that healthier choices are made easier. example; reducing the price of fresh food or installing bicycle paths.
strengthen community actions.
maximum benefits to health are achieved when all groups work together to achieve a common goal. examples; road safety illustrates this action area, schools, parents, police governments, and the TAC all play a role in promoting road safety.
develop personal skills
this area is concerned with education, when people have the skills to improve their health and wellbeing. examples; teaching people how to select and prepare health foods.
reorient health services
the health system must change focus to health promotion instead of just focusing on treating disease. examples of this are doctors prescribing exercise before a person has a health attack, and nurses talking to schoolchildren about the importance of regular health checkups.
