HEALTH AND HUMAN Flashcards
Health and wellbeing:
the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged
health
a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’.
burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically, it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
Prerequisites for health
peace shelter education food income stable ecosystem sustainable resources social justice Equity
Health Status:
An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Incidence:
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Prevalence:
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Morbidity:
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
HALE:
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
DALY:
A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
Life Expectancy:
An indication of how long a person can expect to live. It is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
Mortality:
Refers to deaths caused by disease, illness or another environmental factor.
Infant Mortality:
The death of a child between birth and their first birthday.
Maternal Mortality:
The death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery.
Under 5 Mortality:
The death of a child under five years of age.
Self-assessed Health Status:
A measure based on a person’s own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general. It is commonly sourced from population surveys.
A.R.E.A.S- social model of health
Addressing the broader detriments of health Reducing social inequities Enables individuals and the community Acts to enable access to healthcare S inter-sectorial collaboration
Ottawa health charter for health promotion
Build healthy public policy: Relates directly to decisions made by the government and organisations regarding laws, policies and organisational change that affect health and wellbeing. E.g. increasing the GST on alcoholic drinks.
Create supportive environments: Involves making healthier choices easier choices by creating environments that promote health and wellbeing. It involves creating an environment that is safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable. E.g. Quitline, body positivity campaigns
Strengthen community action:
This area focuses on building links between individuals and the community and centres around the community working together to achieve a common goal. E.g. aa meeting
Develop personal skills: supports personal and social development through providing information, education for health and enhancing life skills, allowing individuals to exercise more control over their own health and environments, and make choices conducive to health. e.g. health education programs in school (SunSmart), antenatal classes
Reorient health services: focus shifting from clinical and curative services towards health promotion and prevention of illness. Individuals, community groups, health professionals, health service institutions and governments must work together in pursuit of health, opening channels between the health sector and broader social, political, economic and physical environmental components. e.g. police working in schools to support road safety education
Sustainable development goals:
No poverty Zero hunger Good health and wellbeing Quality education Gender equality 6. Clean water and sanitation 13. Climate action
rationale of sustainable development goals
. A new set of goals and targets were needed when millennium Development goals (MDGs) finished in 2015
. The goals attempt to balance the three dimensions of sustainable development
. New global challenges had emerged that needed to be considered.
3 Objectives of the SDGs are:
End extreme poverty
Fight inequality and injustice
Address climate change.
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
WHOS priorities
. Addressing health emergencies
. Achieving Universal Health Coverage
. Promote healthier populations
atherosclerosis
The hardening and thickening of the walls of the arteries as a result of deposits of atheroma (a substance known as plaque) on their inner lining. This build-up of atheroma may slow down or stop blood flow.
biomedical model of health
diagnose, treat, cure
cholesterol
LDL- bad
high-density lipoproteins (HDL) HDLs recover cholesterol from cells, vessel walls and other lipoproteins to take back to the liver for disposal. They tend to prevent or reverse the build-up of plaque in the arteries.
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita
Value of country’s total annual income, expressed in US dollars, and divided by its population to indicate the average income of the country’s citizens.
human development
The process of increasing the opportunities and freedoms that people have to develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests
