Health and fitness Flashcards
what are the dangers of not having a healthy lifestyle?
- poor diet
- lack of exercise
- smoking
- drugs
- excessive consumption of alcohol
what factors affect the type of lifestyle we lead?
- local provision/facilities
- media/role models
- friends/peers
- education
- family influences
- economic status
how many people are obese in the UK?
- UK has the highest level of obesity
- 1 in 4 adults are obese
- nearly 2/3 are overweight
how many people die from coronary heart disease?
- 1 in 6 men
* 1 in 10 women
what are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol levels
- smoking
- obesity
- type 2 diabetes
- lack of exercise
what causes coronary heart disease?
•when your coronary arteries become blocked or start to narrow
>due to gradual build up of fatty deposits containing cholesterol (atheroma)
(atherosclerosis)
•also can be hardening of the arteries which means there is no widening or narrowing of the arteries. (arteriosclerosis)
what is atherosclerosis?
•when the coronary arteries narrow or become blocked due to gradual build up of cholesterol
what is atheroma?
•the fatty cholesterol that blocks the coronary arteries.
what is vasodilatation?
•widening of arteries
what is vasoconstriction?
•narrowing of arteries
what is arteriosclerosis?
•hardening of the arteries
>usually due to lack of exercise
•no vasodilatation
•no vasoconstriction
what causes a heart attack?
- piece of atheroma breaks off in the coronary artery it can cause a blood clot - results in blockage forming.
- blocks supply of oxygenated blood to the heart and triggers a heart attack
definition of high blood pressure?
•the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel wall
what is the medical term for high blood pressure?
hypertension
what are the factors that cause hypertension?
- lack of exercise
- being overweight
- high levels of salt in diet
- diabetes
- smoking
- heavy alcohol consumption
causes of high blood pressure?
- heart attack
- heart failure
- kidney disease
- stroke
- dementia
what is type 2 diabetes?
- occurs when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood glucose level
- OR body is unable to use the insulin produced (insulin resistant)
why does type 2 diabetes occur?
•when we consume sugar, out blood sugar levels become affected
>body controls this by secreting the hormone insulin from the pancreas.
what are diabetes risk factors?
- smoking
- lack of exercise
- being overweight
- high blood pressure
- high salt intake
- high alcohol intake
what happens in a stroke?
•blood supply is cut off causing damage to the brain cells.
>causes brain damage
>death
what are the visual signs of a stroke?
- drooping face
- loss of limb control
- slurred speech
- blurred vision (sometimes)
what cancer does smoking cause?
- lung cancer
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- heart disease
- mouth, nose, throat, oesophagus, pancreas, bladder, cervix and kidneys.
how many years does smoking cut your life down?
•up to 10 years
what can heavy alcohol consumption cause?
- liver conditions - hepatitis, cirrhosis
- pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas
- hypertension
- obesity - alcohol is high in calories
- damage to nervous tissue
- mental health problems - depression and anxiety
- cancer of oesophagus
