health and disease Flashcards
range of human development index?
0 to 1 , indias0.64(-129) , highest Norway 0.95 rank 1
range of physical quality of life index
0-100 , india -65
physical quality of life index include components?
literacy rate
infant mortality rate
life expectancy at i year
human development index components
literacy rate
income per capita
life expectancy at birth
below poverty line according to caloric intake in rural and urban india is?
rural <2400 calories
urban <2100calories
bpl according to Tendulkar committee
rural <27rs per day
urban <33rs per day. 22%BPL
bpl according to rangrajan committee 2013-2014
rural <32rs per day
urban<47rs per day. 29.5% BPL
income per capita according to world bank
extreme poverty <1.90$ per day
moderate poverty <3.10 $ per day
epidemic is the type of what kind of fluctuation
short term fluctuation(sudden rise of disease within days ,weeks or months time)
what is long term fluctuation called
secular trend of disease(slow rise or slow fall) takes decades
cyclic trend frequency of mesels?
once every 2-3 years
cyclic trend of rubella?
6-8 years
why influenza has maximum cyclic trends
because it has antigenic value
most common food poisoning in india? and its incubation period
staphylococcal food poisoning, ip- 6-8 hours
what are the types of epidemics
single exposure, point source epidemic
multiple exposure , point source epidemic
propagated epidemic
what is propagated epidemic
slow rise, no peak , slow fall of cases ,,, eg tuberculosis
what is multiple exposure , point source epidemic
exposure is multiple time , multiple incubation period , multiple peaks known as secondary waves
eg- well contaminated with typhoid and its unknown to population
definition of epidemic
no of cases of disease clearly in excess of normal expectation or
new disease occurrence or
reoccurence of a disease
what is the formula to calculate epidemic
when no. of cases > Mean + 2(standard deviation)
definition of endemic
constant or continuous presence of disease in a population
largest pandemic of planet
sars cov 2 or hiv (i am confused)
which disease show all the characteristics of epidemic,endemic,pandamic,sporadic
influenza h1n1,h5n1
sporadic because it can mutate
what is control of disease
reduction of transmission of a disease so that it stops to be a public health problem
4 criteria of control of disease
decrease of incidence,complication,duration and financial burden
what is elimination of a disease
complete interruption of transmission of a disease but organism is still present, elimination is regional/national
what is eradication
complete eradication of organism , eradication is a global term
when was small pox eradicated?, when was last reported case?
8th may 1980 , 1977(somalia) we waited 3 years to declare eradication
eliminated disease in india
guinea worm(dracunculiasis) - feb 2000
leprosy -dec 2005
maternal tetnus and neonatal tetnus-july 2016
yaws- july 2016
what are the elemination levels of leprosy and neonatal tetanus in india
<1case/10000 population
<0.1case/1000 live birth
free status diseases in india
polio- 27/3/2014
trachoma-08/12/2017
what is monitoring
analysis of performance of routine measurement
for what diseases active surveillance is required
polio , tb ,malaria , kala azar
active surveillance of malaria is done by
MPW(M) multi purpose worker male, once every fortnight
active surveillance of polio is done by
SMO(surveillance medical officer)as part of acute flacid paralysis
what is sentinel surveillance used for? and for what disease
used to identify missed and hidden cases
HIV , (IN blood banks,anti natal clinics,std clinics)
4 levels of prevention of diseases
primodial
primary
secondary
tertiary
bcg vaccine is what level of prevention
primary, specific
BCG vaccine in treatment of bladder cancer is what type prevention
secondary
condoms(hiv) what level of prevention
primary
condoms (in pregnency prevention) what level of prevention
primary
sputum smear examination for tb what level of prevention
secondary
CRUTCHES in polio is what level of prevention
tertiary level , rehabilitation
physiotherapy in polio is what level of prevention
tertiary , disability limitation followed by rehab
spectacles is what level of prevention
tertiary , dl followed by rehab
intra ocular lense is what level of prevention
secondary
what is the primodial level for prevention of malaria
source reduction
what level of prevention is best for tb
secondary
overall best level of prevention
primodial
best level of prevention for non communicable disease
primodial
best level of prevention for leprosy
secondary
what is 10 in ICD-10
10th edition,revised every 10 years
what are three volumes of ICD-10
CLASSIFICATION
instruction manual
alphabetic index
no of chapters in ICD-10 classification
22 chapters
which chapters consist of psychiatric diseases
f chapter
name of volumes of ICD-11
1- tabular list
2-reference guide
3-alphabetic index
no of chapters in ICD-11
26 chapters , and v , x
what is impairment
loss of anatomical,physiological,psychological function
what is disability
unable to perform routine activity(according to age and sex
standard of living indicators
H housing H HEALTH
I income E education
S sanitation R recreational activities
O occupation Oothers
N nutrition
socio economic indicators
Housing Family size Literacy Available per capita calorie Growth rate Gnp(gross national product) E unemployment Dependency ratio
what is case fatality rate
total no of deaths/total no of cases * 100
which disease has highest case fatality rate
rabies (almost 100%)
what is sullivans index
DFLE (disability free life expectency)
what is DALY
disability adjusted life years , years lost due to disability or premature death
