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University > Health and community 1-7 > Flashcards

Health and community 1-7 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of food born diseases

A
  • Infection from contamination
  • Intoxication
  • Allergy
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2
Q

Causes of intoxication in food borne diseases

A
  • Bacterial and fungi toxins
  • Metals
  • Chemicals
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3
Q

Causes of food contamination

A
  • Food handler
  • Food processing
  • Food storage (use by date)
  • Animal may be compromised/contaminated before hand
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4
Q

How can seafood be compromised

A
  • Accumulate high levels of water associated bacteria
  • Consumption of contaminated organisms
  • Susceptible to temperature abuse (retailer and customer
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5
Q

How can meat and poultry be compromised

A
  • High levels of bacteria naturally found within organism (Poultry)
  • High count in processed meat
  • Cross contamination
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6
Q

Benefits of microbes in food

A
  • Used for food enhancement e.g cheese, wine and beer

- Food additives for food safety and stability, as well as probiotics

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7
Q

Negatives of microbes in food

A
  • Food spoilage

- Food safety

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8
Q

Aims of food preservation

A

Prevent food spoilage and decrease the likelihood of food-borne disease by killing or inhibiting growth of pathogens

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9
Q

Intrinsic food preservation

A
  • Water activity
  • pH
  • Antimicrobial chemical
  • Biological e.g. enzymes
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10
Q

Extrinsic food preservation

A
  • Heat
  • Low temperature storage
  • Modified atmosphere packaging
  • Radiation
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11
Q

What is hurdle technology in food preservation

A

-A number of preservation factors are combined to improve food safety

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12
Q

What infection does salmonella enterica cause

A

Gastroenteritis and typhoid fever, depending on the type of salmonella encountered

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13
Q

Structure and morphology of salmonella

A

Gram negative, motile rod found in the intestinal tract of birds and other animals

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14
Q

Transmission route of salmonella

A

Consumption of contaminated animals, animal products and water

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15
Q

Treatment for salmonella

A

-Antibiotics and anti-diarrheals

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16
Q

What disease does campylobacter jejuni cause

A
  • Infection results in Campylobacteriosis

- May develop into Guillain barre syndrome

17
Q

Symptoms of campylocateriosis and treatment

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Fever,
  • Inflammation
  • Ulceration of the intestine
  • Bloody stools

-Antibiotics of very bad

18
Q

What is Guillan-Barre syndrome and what is the cure

A
  • An autoimmune disease in which peripheral nerves are attacked resulting in paralysis (May be lethal)
  • No cure
19
Q

Transmission route of Campylobacter jejuni

A

-Caused by contaminated food and water, food borne illness

20
Q

Structure and morphology of Campylobacter jejuni

A

-Gram negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria which commonly inhabits the GI tract of animals

21
Q

What disease does liseria monocytogenes cause

A
  • 7 species, only one of which is a significant human pathogen (L. monocytogenes)
  • L. monocytogenes has low incidence and extremely high mortality rate (20%)
  • Can result in mild non-invasive infection or potentially life threatening invasive syndromes (septicaemia and infection of the CNS)
22
Q

Structure and morphology of Listeria monocytogenes

A

-Gram positive, rod shaped bacteria which is found commonly in the environment due to its resilient nature

23
Q

How is Listeria transmitted

A
  • Contaminatted food

- Vertical transmission (mother to child)

24
Q

Cure to Listeria

A

Antibiotics

25
Q

What disease does Clostridium botulinum cause

A
  • Botulism, a rare but serious paralytic disease often resulting in death
  • High mortality rate (5-10%)
26
Q

Symptoms of Botulism

A

Abdominal cramps

Breathing difficulty (respiratory failure)

Difficulty swallowing and speaking

Weakness with paralysis

27
Q

Structure and morphology of clostridium botulinium

A

-Gram positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria which produces a highly potent neurotoxin

28
Q

How is clostridium botulinium transmitted

A

-Contaminated food

29
Q

Cure for botulism

A
  • Botulinum anti-toxin administered to treat botulism

- The botulinum toxin prevents nerve transmission at the synaptic junction

University (10 decks)

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