Health and community 1-7 Flashcards
Types of food born diseases
- Infection from contamination
- Intoxication
- Allergy
Causes of intoxication in food borne diseases
- Bacterial and fungi toxins
- Metals
- Chemicals
Causes of food contamination
- Food handler
- Food processing
- Food storage (use by date)
- Animal may be compromised/contaminated before hand
How can seafood be compromised
- Accumulate high levels of water associated bacteria
- Consumption of contaminated organisms
- Susceptible to temperature abuse (retailer and customer
How can meat and poultry be compromised
- High levels of bacteria naturally found within organism (Poultry)
- High count in processed meat
- Cross contamination
Benefits of microbes in food
- Used for food enhancement e.g cheese, wine and beer
- Food additives for food safety and stability, as well as probiotics
Negatives of microbes in food
- Food spoilage
- Food safety
Aims of food preservation
Prevent food spoilage and decrease the likelihood of food-borne disease by killing or inhibiting growth of pathogens
Intrinsic food preservation
- Water activity
- pH
- Antimicrobial chemical
- Biological e.g. enzymes
Extrinsic food preservation
- Heat
- Low temperature storage
- Modified atmosphere packaging
- Radiation
What is hurdle technology in food preservation
-A number of preservation factors are combined to improve food safety
What infection does salmonella enterica cause
Gastroenteritis and typhoid fever, depending on the type of salmonella encountered
Structure and morphology of salmonella
Gram negative, motile rod found in the intestinal tract of birds and other animals
Transmission route of salmonella
Consumption of contaminated animals, animal products and water
Treatment for salmonella
-Antibiotics and anti-diarrheals
What disease does campylobacter jejuni cause
- Infection results in Campylobacteriosis
- May develop into Guillain barre syndrome
Symptoms of campylocateriosis and treatment
- Diarrhoea
- Fever,
- Inflammation
- Ulceration of the intestine
- Bloody stools
-Antibiotics of very bad
What is Guillan-Barre syndrome and what is the cure
- An autoimmune disease in which peripheral nerves are attacked resulting in paralysis (May be lethal)
- No cure
Transmission route of Campylobacter jejuni
-Caused by contaminated food and water, food borne illness
Structure and morphology of Campylobacter jejuni
-Gram negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria which commonly inhabits the GI tract of animals
What disease does liseria monocytogenes cause
- 7 species, only one of which is a significant human pathogen (L. monocytogenes)
- L. monocytogenes has low incidence and extremely high mortality rate (20%)
- Can result in mild non-invasive infection or potentially life threatening invasive syndromes (septicaemia and infection of the CNS)
Structure and morphology of Listeria monocytogenes
-Gram positive, rod shaped bacteria which is found commonly in the environment due to its resilient nature
How is Listeria transmitted
- Contaminatted food
- Vertical transmission (mother to child)
Cure to Listeria
Antibiotics
What disease does Clostridium botulinum cause
- Botulism, a rare but serious paralytic disease often resulting in death
- High mortality rate (5-10%)
Symptoms of Botulism
Abdominal cramps
Breathing difficulty (respiratory failure)
Difficulty swallowing and speaking
Weakness with paralysis
Structure and morphology of clostridium botulinium
-Gram positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria which produces a highly potent neurotoxin
How is clostridium botulinium transmitted
-Contaminated food
Cure for botulism
- Botulinum anti-toxin administered to treat botulism
- The botulinum toxin prevents nerve transmission at the synaptic junction
