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Core Biology > Health > Flashcards

Health Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

Provide energy

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2
Q

What do fats do?

A

Provide warmth and energy

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3
Q

What does protein do?

A

Helps with growth, cell repair, and cell replacement

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4
Q

What does fibre do?

A

Helps your digestive system run smoothly

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5
Q

What do you need vitamins and minerals for?

A

Keep you generally healthy

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6
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

The rate at which chemical reactions happen within your cells

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7
Q

What can affect your metabolic rate?

A

Ratio of muscle to fat, amount of exercise and genetics

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8
Q

What is obesity?

A

Being 20% or more over your recommended body mass

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9
Q

What can cause obesity?

A

Lack of exercise, unbalanced diet and some illnesses

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10
Q

What can obesity lead to?

A

Arthritis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and some forms of cancer

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11
Q

What can having too much saturated fat lead to?

A

High cholesterol

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12
Q

What can having too much salt lead to?

A

High blood pressure and heart problems

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13
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

When someone’s diet is unbalanced so they don’t get enough of a certain food group

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14
Q

What can malnutrition lead to?

A

Slow growth, fatigue, irregular periods and poor immunity

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15
Q

What causes deficiency diseases?

A

A lack of vitamins or minerals

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16
Q

What does a lack of vitamin C cause?

A

Scurvy, which causes problems with joints, skin and gums

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17
Q

Why is exercise important?

A

It increases the amount of energy used and decreases the amount stored as fat, it builds muscle and increases metabolic rate, so you are less likely to suffer from certain health problems

18
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause diseases

19
Q

What are the two main types of pathogen?

A

Bacteria and viruses

20
Q

Which is smaller; bacteria or viruses?

A

Viruses

21
Q

How do bacteria make you feel ill?

A

They damage your cells and produce toxins

22
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

They invade your cells and use the cell’s machinery to make copies of themselves, then they burst, releasing the new viruses

23
Q

How do viruses make you feel ill?

A

By the cell damage that occurs when the cell bursts releasing new viruses

24
Q

What methods does your body have of stopping pathogens getting in?

A

Your skin, hairs and mucus in the respiratory tract, blood clots over scabs and your immune system

25
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

They attack harmful pathogens

26
Q

How do white blood cells attack pathogens?

A

They engulf them, they produce antitoxins to fight the toxins released by the bacteria and they produce antibodies to fight the antigens released by the pathogen

27
Q

How does immunity occur?

A

When you are infected by a pathogen, your body produces antibodies to combat it, so if you are infected again, your body can quickly produce the antibodies to kill the pathogen making you immune

28
Q

What is in a vaccine?

A

Small amounts of dead or inactive microorganisms

29
Q

How does a vaccine make you immune?

A

You are injected with a small amount of dead or inactive microorganisms, and because they are dead or inactive they won’t make you ill, but your body still produces antibodies to combat them, so if you are infected again, your body can quickly produce the antibodies to kill the pathogen making you immune

30
Q

Why do booster injections need to be given?

A

To increase levels of antibodies

31
Q

What are the pros of vaccination?

A

They help control lots of infectious diseases and epidemics can easily be prevented as fewer people are able to catch the disease

32
Q

What are the cons of vaccination?

A

They don’t always work and people can have bad reactions to them

33
Q

Why don’t painkillers cure you of a disease?

A

Because they just reduce the symptoms, they don’t actually kill the pathogen

34
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

Kill harmful bacteria

35
Q

Why don’t antibiotics work on viruses?

A

Because to kill the virus they would have to kill the human cell

36
Q

What happens when a bacteria becomes resistant to an antibiotic?

A

It won’t be killed by that antibiotic

37
Q

What causes antibiotic resistance?

A

Over prescribing antibiotics and not finishing a course of antibiotics

38
Q

How does not finishing a course of antibiotics cause bacteria to become antibiotic resistant?

A

Only the toughest bacteria will be left, which will reproduce, and the population will increase, so the first antibiotic won’t kill them as they are resistant

39
Q

What did Ignaz Semmelweis do and what did it prove?

A

He noticed that many women were dying after childbirth due to a disease, and he believed that doctors were spreading this disease on their unwashed hands, so he told them to wash their hands in antiseptic and the death rate decreased dramatically

40
Q

Why didn’t people believe Ignaz Semmelweis?

A

He had no proof as he didn’t know that the antiseptic was killing the bacteria

Core Biology (7 decks)

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