Health Flashcards
How many bones in adult body
206
3 types of connective tissue in skeletal system
Cartilage, joints, ligaments
How much mass does the skeletal system make up
About 20%
2 sections to human skeleton
Axial and appendicular
Axial section
Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
Appendicular section
Arms, legs, pelvis, shoulders
Other name of vetebral column
Spinal column or spine
How many skull bones
22, 8 cranial 14 facial
What is the mandible and is it strong
jaw bone, strongest in the body
Ulna
Near pinkie
Radius
Near thumb
Fibula
Side of shin outside
Tibia
Main part of shin
Ossification
Hardening of bone
Epiphyseal plates
Growth plates
Three types of muscle tissue
Cardiac, smooth/visceral, skeletal muscle
Myofibrils/fibrils
Tiny rods in muscle fiber
Sarcomeres
Tiny Unit responsible for skeletal muscle contraction
What does a sarcomere contain
Thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments
Sliding filament theory
Skeletal muscle movement- sarcomere responsible for relaxed and contracted muscle
How many muscles in the human body
634
Tendons
Attaches muscles to bones
Fascia
Attaches muscles to muscles
Adduction
Moving body part toward midline of the body
Abduction
Moving a body part away from the body
Flexion
Bending a joint to decrease tension angle between two bones or body parts
Extension
Straightening or extending joint to increase angle between two bones/body parts
Rotation
Moving a body part around an axis
Gastrocnemius
Calves
Sartorius
Hip flexor
Dendrites
Carry signals into a nerve
Axons
Away out of a nerve cell
Myelin sheaths
Insulation
Soma
Nerve cell
Two parts of the nervous system
Central system and peripheral system
What regions make up the spinal cord
Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, spinal nerves
Afferent nerves
Carry information from the body to the brain
Efferent nerves
Carry info from brain to body
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral system
Somatic and autonomic
Somatic
Motor and sensory, skin, sensory organs, and skeletal muscles. Voluntary
Autonomic
Sympathetic and parasympathetic involuntary/ vegetative nervous system
Sympathetic vs parasympathetic
Sympathetic flight fight freeze while parasympathetic returns body to normal
Most important nerves
Nerves going through Spine and brain
What does CNS do when it gets a signal
Sends a response back to the body part
What is the brain and spinal cord protected by
Skull and vertebrae
Liquid substance inside spinal column that protects nerves
Cerebrospinal fluid
What does cerebrospinal fluid do
Conduct better signals, gets rid of waste, protects the nerves
Arteries
O2 rich blood away from heart
Valves
Allow blood flow one way but not the other
Veins
O2 poor blood back to heart
Capillaries
Gas exchange, o2 co2 and waste
Diastolic
Bottom reading of blood pressure, arterial when in between beats
Systolic
Arterial pressure when heart is beating/contracted top reading of blood pressure
3 things that help move blood
Smooth muscles, movement, valvez
3 major structure in the cardiovascular system
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Heart pumps blood to do what
Move nutrients and remove metabolic waste
Right side of heart
Pushes blood to lungs to oxygenate
Left side of heart
Pumps oxygenated blood to rest of body
4 chambers of the heart
Right and left atria, right and left ventricles
3 tissue layers of heart
Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
SA node
Known as pacemaker
How does oxygen in blood move
Oxygen binds to hemoglobin
Superior vena cava
Above - Feeds deoxygenated blood into heart
Inferior vena cava
Bottom - Pushes deoxygenated blood to lungs out of heart
Bicuspid valve
Left side of heart,lets blood through atria to ventricle
Strongest ventricle
Left ventricle
Aorta
Largest artery, feeds oxygenated blood from top of heart into it to distribute oxygenated blood
Tricuspid valve
Lets blood through right atria to right ventricle
How long does a red blood cell take to travel throughout the body
1 minute
