biomed quiz Flashcards
Physiological responses
Change in any biological activities that may indicate that an individual may be lying
Physiological responses examples
Heart rate, skin conductivity, respiratory rate, blood pressure.
Forensics
Scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the detection of crime
Polygraph testing
Use Sensors and computer software to record and display physiological changes as data - lie detector
Trace evidence
Tiny fragments of physical evidence such as hairs, fibers from clothing, etc.
Parts of hair
Cuticle- end part, cortex-near the middle, medulla- middle.
Cortex
Cellular texture of cortex is identifying marker
Medulla
Useful markers for identification, fragmented, continuous, opaque
Cuticle
Lighter part of hair, thickness is useful identifying marker
4 major fingerprint patterns
Arch, tented arch, loop, whorl
What important evidence does a digital forensic specialist need
Phone, computer to get Texts, emails, gps locations, etc.
Erythrocytes and function
Red blood cells, carry oxygen from lungs and deliver throughout body
Leukocytes and function
White blood cells, fight infections and other diseases in body
Thrombocytes and function
Platelets, small colorless cell fragments in blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding
Plasma and function
Liquid base for blood, takes nutrients, horomones, and proteins to parts of body that need it
Presumptive testing and example
Initial testing that suggests a sample may be blood by identifying it based on the properties of hemoglobin example kastle meyer, luminol, LCV
Confirmatory test and example
Relies on unique properties of blood like structures on surface of red blood cells called antigens, confirm presence of blood at a scene. Ex. Blood typing agglutination
Negative control kastle Meyer
Compare presumptive sample test to control to see if negative
Positive control kastle Meyer
Compare presumptive sample test to positive control to see if positive
Agglutination results
If antigen a is mixed with type AB or A, they will clump, if antigen b is mixed with type AB or B it will clump, any antigens mixed with type O will not clump
Independent variable
Variable you change but it’s also controlled by you
Dependent variable
What you observe changing
Nucleotide
Building blocks of dna, made up of phosphate group, 1 sugar and 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases
4 nitrogenous bases
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
What bases always pair together
Adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine
Shape of DNA
Double helix
Sources for DNA
Cells with a nucleus. Example, white blood cell, bone cell. Follicle of hair, etc. not red blood cell - no nucleus
What does PCR do
Lab technique to make more copies of the same piece of DNA
PCR process
Denaturation, annealing, extension, then repeat until desired amount, (don’t have to know words mean)
DNA has two strands. if sequence of nucleotides of one stand is known, is it possible to know sequence of second strand
Yes, top strand is bottom strand but reversed, vice versa. Example: GGCC and bottom is CCGG
Can you be framed by your own DNA
Yes, DNA could be taken from somewhere like a cup or napkin, hair, saliva etc. and someone can put it someone
Gel electrophoresis
A gel made of agarose filled with dna in a tank with dna on negative side, tank turned on and as dna is negatively charged, dna goes to positive side and big dna molecules get stopped, sorting it.
