healh Flashcards
What is a condom?
A barrier method that is a rubber cover placed over an erect penis, coated with spermicide and 95% reliable.
Condoms are effective in preventing both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when used correctly.
What is the reliability of the diaphragm as a contraceptive method?
96% reliable when used with spermicide.
The diaphragm is a barrier method that is dome-shaped and placed over the woman’s cervix.
What does the rhythm method involve?
Couples study the woman’s menstrual cycle and avoid sex near the time of ovulation, with a reliability of 75%.
This is a natural method of contraception.
How does male sterilization work?
Vasectomy, where sperm ducts are cut and tied to prevent sperm from being ejaculated with semen.
This is a surgical method of contraception.
What is the purpose of the contraceptive pill?
It contains hormones which stop ovaries from releasing ova and is 98% reliable.
The pill is taken for 21 days of a 28-day cycle.
What is the morning after pill?
A pill taken by the female within 72 hours of sex, with a second pill taken 12 hours later, and is 98% reliable.
It contains hormones to prevent implantation.
What is an IUD?
A mechanical contraceptive method that is a plastic coil fitted into the uterus, 98% reliable.
It prevents the ball of cells from implanting in the uterus.
What are spermicides?
A chemical cream that kills sperm, should be used along with a barrier method.
Spermicides alone are less effective at preventing pregnancy.
What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Infections transmitted through sexual intercourse.
The risk can be reduced by using condoms, which prevent semen and blood contact.
What is the effect of tar in cigarettes?
Tar causes cancer and is a carcinogen.
It is one of the harmful substances in cigarette smoke.
What is nicotine’s effect on the body?
Nicotine is addictive, can reach the brain within 1 minute, and damages heart and blood vessels.
It increases heart rate and blood pressure.
What does carbon monoxide do when inhaled?
It combines with haemoglobin, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.
Smokers can be carrying 15% carbon monoxide instead of oxygen.
What are some diseases associated with smoking?
Cancer, coronary heart disease, bronchitis, emphysema, and ulcers.
Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer significantly.
What is coronary heart disease?
A condition where coronary arteries become narrowed, reducing blood flow, potentially causing angina or heart attacks.
Fatty deposits (cholesterol) in the arteries contribute to this condition.
How can diet affect heart health?
Saturated fats should be avoided; lean meats, fruits, vegetables, and fiber should be included.
Obesity from poor diet and inactivity puts strain on the heart.
